Paramedical Sciences and Military Health

Introduction: Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide with high mortality rates in male and female. In Iran, lung cancer is the third most common type of cancer and its prevalence is increasing rapidly. This disease has a high mortality rate because patients with lung cancer are diagnosed at an advance stage of the disease. Therefore, the presence of tumor markers is essential for treatment and early diagnosis of lung cancer. Studies have shown that there are many genetic variants that are significantly related to the incidence of lung cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the role of key genes in the occurrence of lung cancer.
Methods and Materials: This review article has been performed by searching lung cancer, key genes, clinical biomarker, and early diagnosis keywords in various data bases such as NCBI, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar.
Results: EGFR, KRAS and TP53 genes have the highest importance and role in the occurrence of lung cancer; therefore, the identification of mutations in the mentioned genes can play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer as a clinical biomarker.
Discussion and Conclusion: Identification of genetic variants involved in lung cancer can be used as clinical biomarkers for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of this disease. Molecular biomarkers can have the potential to improve the current state of early lung cancer detection and treatment methods. Recognizing genetic variants as clinical biomarkers for early diagnosis and evaluation of response to treatment for lung cancer can play an important role in facilitating the treatment process, increasing response to treatment, reducing mortality, and reducing material and spiritual damages caused by this disease.