@article{ author = {nazari, mehdi and mofid, mahmood and Sadraee, Homayon and kaka, Gholamrez}, title = {The Effect of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Anxiety Behaviors and Histomorphometry of Inner Pyramidal Layer Neurons of Frontal Cortex in Adult Male Rat}, abstract ={Introduction: Low frequency electromagnetic waves have frequencies in the range of 300 KHz to 300 GHz and they are widely available in the environment. The biological effects of these waves are not fully understood on the human body and nervous system. The effects of low frequency electromagnetic waves on behavioural changes as well as the changes in the inner pyramidal neurons of the frontal lobe brain of the adult Wistar male rat were investigated in the present study.   Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, 20 rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first group was designated as the control group; moreover, experimental groups received 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz waves with the intensities of 2, 1 and 20 watts per kilogram, during one month and for 4 hours per day respectively. Elevated plus-maze test has been used in Behavioural tests. In addition, Golgi cox staining has been used in a hysteromorphometric test including the number of branches and dendritic spines of the inner pyramidal neurons of the frontal lobe.   Results: In experimental groups, Eelectromagnetic waves significantly reduced the number of entry and time spent in rats in the open arms of the Elevated plus-maze test compared to the control group (p ˂ 0.05).The results of historomorphometric study also indicated a significant reduction in the number of dendritic spines and branches of the inner pyramidal neurons of the frontal lobe of the rat brain in experimental groups compared to the control group (p ˂ 0.05)      . Discussion and Conclusion: Low-frequency electromagnetic radiation caused behavioural changes and it increased the anxiety in rats. Furthermore, it caused damage to the inner pyramidal layer neurons of the frontal cortex in experimental groups.}, Keywords = {GTEM cell device, Elevated plus-maze test, Frontal cortex, Histomorphometry.}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-212-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-212-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {abedi, sadegh and roshandelhesari, ali and abbasi, mohamm}, title = {Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Athletic Satisfaction with Soldiers Sport Performance Level}, abstract ={Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and athletic satisfaction with the sport performance level in soldiers. Methods and Materials: This research is a correlational study and its statistical population was all soldiers aged 18 to 30 years of the 130 presidio Brigade of the Martyrs of Deljuyan in Bojnourd in 2019. 258 people were selected by cluster random sampling technique. The Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ), the Sovereign Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GSES) and the Sports Performance Checklist were used to collect research data. Spirman correlation coefficient statistical methods, step-by-step regression analysis and Collis-Wallis test were used to analyze the research data through SPSS version 22. Results:The results showed that there was a positive correlation between sports satisfaction and athletic performance (P <0.01). There is a positive correlation between self-efficacy (effort, initiative, perseverance) and athletic performance (P <0.01). The variables of initiative, perseverance and sports satisfaction are able to positively predict 28% of the variance in soldiers' athletic performance (P <0.001). There is no statistically significant relationship between the age and level of soldiers education with athletic performance, athletic satisfaction and self-efficacy (P <0.05). There is also no statistically significant relationship between athletic background and athletic satisfaction; however soldiers athletic performance and their self efficacy enhance by increasing their athletic background (P <0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that sports satisfaction and self-efficacy can predict soldier’s athletic performance.}, Keywords = {Sports satisfaction, Self-efficacy, Sports performance, Soldiers.}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {10-17}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Hashemi, Toraj and Vahedi, Shahram and Soltani, Nadia and Khoddami, Mohammad Mohsen and Hedayatnia, Abouzar}, title = {The Effect of Affective Priming on Creative Problem-Solving in the Selective Sample of AJA Staff}, abstract ={Introduction: One of the challenges of today's military systems is increasing the power of problem-solving and creativity. Using affective priming is one way to improve cognitive ability of problem-solving in staff and military personnel. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of positive and negative affective priming on RAT test and aimed to investigate the role of emotions on cognitive function of the creative problem-solving problem. Methods and Materials: This study was conducted in two stages (4 days interval). Initially, 24 participants completed the Trait Problem-solving Questionnaire and the RAT test. In the second phase of the experiment or four days later, these groups were randomly assigned into three groups: positive, negative, and neutral Affective Priming Tasks. Mixed-ANOVA was used for data analysis based on the design of this experiment (pre-test, post-test with the control group).Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26. Results: In this study, there is only a significant difference between the RAT scores of experimental and control groups (p = 0.034, α <0.05 and n = 24). Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate that the effects of positive and negative emotions on RAT scores are not different in two-time steps (4 days interval); however, positive and negative emotions can potentially have different results in RAT score. In addition, it is the first time that the computerized RAT test was used to measure students' creative problem-solving skills in the current study.}, Keywords = {Affective priming, Problem-Solving, Creative problem solving, RAT Test, Positive and Negative Affective priming.}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {18-25}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-214-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-214-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {-, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar and -, Amir KarimiPourSaryazdi and -, Ali Dalir Ghaffari and -, Pooya Tavakoli and -, Mohammad Barati and -, Aliakbar Rasekhi and -, Yeganeh KarimiPourSaryazdi and -, Bahareh Siahkohy}, title = {Anti-Toxoplasma Effects of Artemisia aucheri Extract in Vitro}, abstract ={Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a compulsive intracellular parasite of the Apicomplexa phylum that contaminates a wide range of vertebrates including humans, and it causes disease. The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-Toxoplasma gondii effects of Artemisia aucheri. Methods and Materials: Tachyzoite assay was performed to evaluate the death rate of the parasite. Flow cytometry technique has been used in order to determine the possible induction of apoptosis in T. gondii tachyzoites. Furthermore, 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was obtained for macrophages by MTT assay. Results: The IC50 values of autumn and spring extracts of A. aucheri was estimated about 136 μg/ml and 119 μg/ml, respectively, in treated T. gondii tachyzoites. After 24 hours of macrophage incubation, the highest rate of cytotoxicity was observed in high concentrations of spring and autumn A. aucheri extracts. Based on the flow cytometry results the rates of normal, necrotic, and apoptotic cells treated with autumn extract were 93.1%, 2.45%, and 4.49%, respectively, and when with spring extract was treated, the rates were 60.4%, 3.99%, and 35.54%, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: We concluded that the autumn and spring extracts of A. aucheri has lethal effect on T. gondii tachyzoites and also induces the apoptosis in parasites.}, Keywords = {Toxoplasma gondii, Artemisia aucheri, MTT, Flow cytometry, In vitro}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {26-34}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-216-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-216-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Mirzaei, Marjan and Rahnejat, AmirMohsen and Taheri, Najme and Moeeni, Fateme and Roostaei, Morteza and Nazemi, Mohsen and Rezaei, Mahdi}, title = {Effectiveness of Group Compassion Therapy on Improving Symptoms and Quality of Life in Bulimia Nervosa}, abstract ={Introduction: Eating disorders are one of the most common psychological disorders in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group compassion therapy on improving symptoms and quality of life in bulimia nervosa. Methods and Materials: For this purpose, among the people with this disorder who referred to psychiatric and psychological clinics in Mashhad, 24 people were selected voluntarily and were randomly assigned in to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received group compassion therapy in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours and the control group did not receive any intervention. The dependent variables were measured twice in pretest and post test. The Binge Eating Scale and the Quality of Life Questionnaire were used to measure the variables.  Results: Data analysis using univariate analysis of covariance showed that by controlling the effects of pretest, group compassion therapy had a significant effect on improving symptoms and quality of life of people with this disorder. Discussion and Conclusion: The present study shows that group compassion therapy can be used as an appropriate and cost-effective treatment for people with bulimia and psychological problems associated with bulimia disorder.}, Keywords = {Compassion Therapy, Nervous Overeating, Severity of Binge Eating, Quality of Life, Bulimia.}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-42}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-217-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-217-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Afrasiyabi, roya and talebzadeh, somayeh}, title = {Relationship Between Self Confidence and Physical Activity Level in Elementary School Female Students in Bojnourd City}, abstract ={Introduction: Investigation of physical activity level and factors affecting the physical activity pattern are very important among students. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between self confidence and physical activity level in elementary school female students in Bojnourd city. Methods and Materials: This research was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study conducted during the academic year of 2018. The study population consisted of all elementary school female students in Bojnourd city. 335 students have been randomly selected among 2314 elementary students. Eysenck questionnaire was used to measure self confidence. In addition, some questions were asked about the level and amount of activity students. Descriptive Statistical methods, T-tests, and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Results: Data analysis showed that 31.34% of  students had very low self confidence, 59.10% of them had acceptable level of self confidence, and only 9.55% of students had very good self- confidence. A comparison of the physical activity level of students in terms of self confidence showed that the level of physical activity in high self confidence students are Significantly more than those with low and medium self confidence (p <0/01). Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicated that the physical activity level was not sufficient among female students. Therefore, it is necessary to have an education plan to educate female students regarding life style modification.}, Keywords = {Self Confidence, Physical Activity, Students, Elementary School}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-49}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-210-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-210-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {}, title = {An Overview of the Mitogenic RAS Effectors and its Therapeutic Approaches}, abstract ={Introduction: Nowadays, cancer is one of the major public health problems in the worldwide. Ras is an oncoprotein that is mainly active in types of human cancers. A mutation has been observed in  Ras gene among the more 90% of cancers including  pancreatic, lung, and colon cancers. Ras proteins (N-Ras, H-Ras, and K-Ras) act as molecular switches and are activated via GTP binding and signaling cascades to control cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, apoptosis, migration, and division. Conversion of GTP to GDP (inactive state) is achieved through the internal GTPase activity of the Ras gene. Methods and Material: This review article has been performed by searching Cancer, Ras, Pancreatic, Lung, and Colon keywords in various data bases such as NCBI, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Results: Mutation in the Ras results in loss of internal GTPase activity and permanently activates the protein. In this scenario, a continuous signaling is achieved by Ras  leading to cell-free growth, avoidance of cell death mechanisms, and resistance to treatment. RASSF family of effectors or Ras inhibitors are involved in many of these pathways. Thus, RASSF proteins may act as Ras death effectors. It′s inactivation may also progress the development of Ras-dependent tumors. Discussion and Conclusion: In general, RASSF proteins represent an interesting and contradictory part of Ras that  can be used as a useful tool for targeting a large set of Ras-derived tumors.}, Keywords = {Cancer, Ras, Pancreatic, Lung, Colon}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {50-55}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-215-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-215-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {hadizadehshirazi, najmeh}, title = {Electromagnetic Waves a New Tool for Cellular Communications}, abstract ={Introduction: Many cellular phenomena, such as the onset of cell division or the polymerization of cytoskeletal microtubules, are controlled not only by chemical or electrical connections, but also use long-distance methods such as sending electromagnetic waves. The article is a brief overview of past research and new information and documents published in this field. Methods and Materials: This review article has been performed by searching electromagnetic waves, cell, cellular connections, cell interaction, cellular biophysics keywords in various data bases such as Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Results: Studies have shown that the presence of electromagnetic waves is directly involved in the initiation and conduction of phenomena such as mitogenetics, mirror cytopathy or death flash and indirectly in other cellular processes. Discussion and Conclusion: In recent years, research has shown that many cells influence each other’s behavior by sending electromagnetic waves together. The existence of such connections can justify many unknown cellular behaviors.}, Keywords = {Electromagnetic waves, Cell, Cellular connections, Cell interaction, Cellular biophysics}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {56-63}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-227-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-227-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Karami, Esmail and Babaei, Mehrdad and Dehkhoda, Mohammadrez}, title = {The Effect of 6 Weeks of Honey Solution Consumption on Leukocyte Count and Immunoglobulin A, in Male Military Forces with Over-Training Psychological Symptoms}, abstract ={Introduction: Exercise can strengthen or weaken the immune system depending on the intensity and duration of activity and diet; thus, it cause health problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of honey solution as a nutritional intervention on the immune system of people exposed to over-training.  Methods and Materials: This semi-experimental study has been performed by pre-test- post-test with two groups of placebo and honey syrup. For this purpose, 70 individuals from the available population including military graduates have been examined using an over-training psychological questionnaire. Finally, 38 people with age range of (20.75±1.75) years and body mass index of (19.4±1.7 kg/m2) have been selected using blood markers (cortisol and testosterone), an over-training test. Moreover, they were randomly divided into two groups of 19 individuals: placebo and honey syrup. In order to measure serum levels of Cellular immunity (neutrophils, lymphocytes and white blood cells) and immunoglobulin A, 5 cc blood has been taken from the arm vein and examined by ELISA before and after 6 weeks of consuming honey solution. The changes in cytokines levels have been analyzed using the independent t-test in the SPSS software version 22. Results: There were not any significant differences in serum levels of white blood cells and lymphocytes in the honey solution group. However, there were significant changes in the number of neutrophils and immunoglobulin A between two groups. (p< 0.05) Discussion and Conclusion: Consumption of honey solution for 6 weeks promotes the body’s immunity to reduce the effects of overtraining by affecting the number of leukocytes and immunoglobulin A.}, Keywords = {Leukocyte count, Honey solution, Over-training, Immunoglobulin A}, volume = {15}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-228-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-228-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Nazemi1, Mohsen and J.Tabatabaei, Samane Sadat and Moeeni, Fateme and Goodarzi, Naser and Tatari, Emeli}, title = {Effectiveness of Cognitive Analytic Therapy on Reducing Guilt Fleeing and Doubt in People with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder}, abstract ={Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a chronic anxiety disorder that characterized by excessive preoccupation about orderliness and minor disputes and doubts. The current study aimed to survey the effectiveness of cognitive analytic therapy on reducing guilt fleeing and doubt in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Methods and Materials: For this purpose, among the people with this disorder who referred to psychiatric and psychological clinics in Mashhad, 24 people were selected voluntarily and they were randomly assigned in to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received cognitive analytic therapy in 9 sessions of 1.5 hours and the control group did not receive any intervention. The dependent variables were measured twice in pretest and posttest. The guilt fleeing Scale and Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory were used to measure the variables. Results: Data analysis using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance showed that cognitive analytical therapy effectively reduced guilt fleeing and doubt in the experimental group compared to the control group by controlling the effects of pretest. Discussion and Conclusion: The present study shows that cognitive analytic therapy persuades clients to change and achieve more constructive methods and guide their thoughts by providing knowledge about cognitive errors and the nature of the symptoms of obsessivecompulsive disorder.}, Keywords = {Cognitive analytic therapy, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Guilt fleeing, Doubt.}, volume = {15}, Number = {2}, pages = {10-18}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-218-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {nazem, farzad and saki, hossein and salehi, mehrali}, title = {The Effects of Occupational Exposure to Isoflurane Anesthetic Gas on Cardiopulmonary Function and Practical Capacity of Operating Room Staff}, abstract ={Introduction: The effects of chronic exposure to isoflurane anesthetic gas at a concentration of 13 ppm on the function of cardiovascular and respiratory systems of hospital operating room staff are investigated in this study. Methods and Materials: Subjects included operating room staff (experimental group: 10 men and 10 women) and control group has been selected from other wards of hospital both voluntarily and purposefully with the mean age of 35.8±5.29, work experience of 13.15±4.64, and the BMI is equal to 24.59±3.51 KG/M2 with daily step of 4124.35±1016.19 . First, eligible subjects have performed a 6MWDT cardiovascular function sub-maximal test. Then they have performed a jogging ablation program on a treadmill in a separate session. Spiro metric maneuvers were also performed (% FVC,% FEVC, FEVC / FVC) by KNUDSON method to measure pulmonary capacity. Results: The results of MANOVA statistical analysis showed that, in the situation without gender intervention, operating room staff in selected cardiovascular function indices were significantly lower than the control group (p <0.05). There was a significant difference in pulmonary indices and shortness of breath between the two groups (p <0.05). Considering gender factor intervention men and women had a significant differences in some cardiovascular and respiratory indices respectively (p <0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: Decreased cardiopulmonary function and dysphea during standard submaximal physical activity were more pronounced in operating room staff than in the control group. In contrast, women in the experimental group had lower respiratory tract efficiency than their control group counterpart.}, Keywords = {Gasizoflurane, Cardiovascular function, Respiratory parameters ​​​​​​​}, volume = {15}, Number = {2}, pages = {19-27}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-223-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Evaluation of Clinical Competence and its Relationship with the Dimensions of Competence of Operating Room Technologists}, abstract ={Introduction: Today advances in surgery and technology have made surgical technologists more in need of professional advancement in their work, since the presence of unskilled technologists in the health team can lead to a threat to public health. The present study aimed to investigate the scope of ability and its relationship with the clinical competence of operating room technologists at Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Methods and Materials: During this cross-sectional study, the clinical competency of 180 operating room technologists working in hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences was analyzed by the self-assessment method. The valid and reliable questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. The first part of the questionnaire was about personal information, including age, gender, educational level and work experience, and specialized field, and the second part contains a clinical competency self-assessment questionnaire that has 45 questions and 6 dimensions (general knowledge, legal ethics, evaluation, diagnosis and care of the surgical patient, interpersonal relationships, leadership and management, professional progress and research). Data was analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis and U-Mann- Whitney Nonparametric tests using SPSS version 22. Results: Operating room technologists reported their level of competence well. The general knowledge dimension had a high competency score. The evaluation of diagnosis and care of the surgical patient had an average of 78.4 and the lowest score of this study was related to the dimension of legal moral performance (15.75). There was a significant relationship between clinical competence and work experience, level of education, specialized field, age, responsibility, and employment relationship. (P<0.001) Discussion and Conclusion: Considering that clinical competence is a result of different competencies, therefore identifying their strengths and weaknesses and applying the necessary corrective measures has a significant role in improving the performance of hospitals.  }, Keywords = {Competency, Operating room, Surgical technologist}, volume = {15}, Number = {2}, pages = {28-36}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-224-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-224-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {velayatzadeh, mohammad and shahri, elham}, title = {The Study of PM2.5 and PM10 Particulate Matter Concentration in the Ambient Air Pollution of Khash Cement Company (Sistan and Balouchestan Province)}, abstract ={Introduction: Environmental pollution also increased by the advancement of technology and the application of industries in human life. Air pollution is one of the major contaminations in the human environment which causes many acute and chronic diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the contamination of PM2.5 and PM10 particles in Khash Cement Company in Sistan and Baluchestan province in 2015. Methods and Materials: Sampling from 8 environmental stations of Khash Cement Company was carried out in spring, summer, autumn and winter of 1394 regarding the wind direction and atmospheric conditions with 9 replications. A total of 288 environmental samples were sampled. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24. Results: Statistical analysis of the data showed that the highest amount of PM2.5 suspended particles was obtained near the company’s bascule in the summer (121.66±28.91μg/m3) (P<0.05). The lowest amount of PM2.5 suspended particulate matter was measured in front of training office in the autumn (6.66 ±3.05 μg/m3) (P<0.05). In the spring, the maximum amount of ambient PM2.5 particles was measured adjacent the entrance door (20±4 μg/m3); moreover, the lowest amount of these particles was measured near the voltage station (14.33±3.51 μg/m3) (P<0.05). The highest and lowest amount of ambient PM2.5 particles were obtained near the company’s bascules (121.66±28.91 μg/m3) and the western side of guard turret (8.33±4.04 μg/m3) in the summer respectively (P<0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: The particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 environment in Khash Cement Company was lower compared to the standard 25 and 50 micrograms per cubic meter. According to the results, it can be stated that the environmental suspended particles of the Khash Cement Company were acceptable for human respiration.  }, Keywords = {Particulate matter, Khash Cement Company, PM2.5, PM10}, volume = {15}, Number = {2}, pages = {37-46}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-222-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-222-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {khandan, Hooman and DabbaghMoghaddam, Arasb and sharifan, Anooshe}, title = {Formulation and Production of Emergency Diet Samples Suitable for Pre-diabetic and Diabetic Individuals and its Sensory, Qualitative and Durability Characteristics}, abstract ={Introduction: Emergency diet is the most important factor in passive defense that can be effective in war situations and crisis management in non-war situations. Due to the favorable conditions of emergency diet, it is important that it provides the required macro and micro molecules.Since most of the Emergency diet composition is composed of carbohydrates, it is very important that it can be used by the general public with the least harmful usage considering the spread of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Methods and Materials: The present study tried to define a formulation that not only can be a rich source of protein, carbohydrates and fats, but also provide the ability to be consumed by diabetics along with maximum energy production. Isomaltulose, soy isolate, peanut butter, olive oil, malic acid and vanilla have been used in the emergency diet. Results: According to the analysis results, 60% of energy is provided by carbohydrates, 10% by protein and 30% by fat. The product is formulated in such a way that the soybean isolates, peanut butter and olive oil considered as the kernel and isomaltulose intend as a surface coating controlling the amount of moisture and reducing microbial contamination. Ultimately, based on the results of analysis, it can be consumed without any change during the self-life without the need for special packaging. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the regulation of blood sugar metabolism, it can be concluded that isomaltulose is much better than regular sugar and other alternative sugars. Due to the usefulness of soy isolate, peanut butter and olive oil for diabetics, along with a rich source of protein and fat, the combination of soy isolate, peanut butter and olive oil is a good combination to provide the micro molecules and macromolecules needed by people.  }, Keywords = {Emergency suede, Isomaltulose, Sugar free, Diabetes, Soy isolate}, volume = {15}, Number = {2}, pages = {47-54}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-225-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-225-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {bazazian, saiedeh and Mehdipour, Asghar and Pouyamanesh, Jafar}, title = {The Effectiveness of Cognitive Hypnosis Therapy on Marital Satisfaction of Women}, abstract ={Introduction: Marital satisfaction is one of the most important psychological issues for women. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive hypnosis therapy on women's body image and marital satisfaction of couples. Methods and Materials: The method of this research is experimental and its design is pre-test post-test. The statistical population of this study includes women referring to Babolsar  Counseling Center. In this study, 22 person were selected by availability and then randomly replaced in two groups of 11 person (experimental group and control group). The instrument used in this study was the Enrich Marital Satisfaction. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that cognitive hypnotherapy is effective in increasing marital satisfaction (F = 17.92 P <0.001) in women. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that cognitive hypnosis therapy eliminates misconceptions, increases accuracy and concentration, awareness and, of course, increases marital satisfaction, quality of life in women.}, Keywords = {Cognitive Hypnosis Therapy, Marital Satisfaction, women}, volume = {15}, Number = {2}, pages = {55-65}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-221-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-221-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {GorganiFiroozjaei, Sattar and MirzaeiKalkanari, Amin and Hosseini, Ashraf Sadat}, title = {The Effect of Exercise Intervention on the Immune System in COVID-19}, abstract ={Introduction: Today, COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world since its origin in Wuhan, China.COVID-19 is a beta-cornea virus-coated RNA known as acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Common symptoms of COVID-2019 are fever and cough. This study was performed to show the effect of exercise intensity on immune system changes during the occurrence of Covid 19 infection. Methods and Materials: This review article has been performed on the effects of exercise on immune function and strength in covid-19 in various databases such as web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed and reviewed clinical trials and systematic studies. Results: It was shown that physical activity specially regular and moderate intensity aerobic exercise (VO2 MAX 80% 65-65) increases antibody titer, lymphocyte proliferation, interferongamma production, cells NK, M and G immunoglobulin’s as well as modulating the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.Therefore, it can be assumed that exercise is an important tool for shortening the recovery period and causing complications due to its antiinflammatory and strengthening effects on the immune system. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on indirect evidence and a conservative approach, high-intensity exercise may be dangerous (especially in obesity), possibly due to oxidant production and suppression of the immune system, and it may help exacerbate the COVID-19 virus. Based on the evidence, intense exercise in the immune system shows a conservative approach. Moderate-intensity exercise (rather than high-intensity physical activity) can be recommended as a non-pharmacological, inexpensive, and effective way to combat the COVID-19 virus.}, Keywords = {Covid 19, Immune system, Exercise}, volume = {15}, Number = {2}, pages = {66-75}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-226-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-226-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {babaei, khatereh and Rasouli, Ahm}, title = {Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Different Concentrations of Pecanum Harmala Ethanolic Extract on Some Standard Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria in Vitro}, abstract ={Introduction: Today, due to the increased drug resistance of bacteria to common antibiotics, it is important to find new antimicrobials with easy access, natural and with fewer side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Pecanum harmala ethanolic extract on the activity of some standard bacteria in vitro. Methods and Materials: After collecting the plants and confirming their scientific name, Pecanum harmala extract was extracted by Soxhlet extractor distillation method and different concentrations of the extract were prepared. Then Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) extracts of standard bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined by dilution in broth and well propagation in agar. The above test has been repeated 5 times to decrease the test error. Data analyses were performed using SPSS software version 18 Results: The results showed that Pecanum harmala ethanolic extract inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria compared to gram-negative bacteria in high concentrations. Conclusion: The results of this study show that Pecanum harmala can be considered as a group of medicinal plants with antibacterial properties. After evaluating their effects in vivo and identifying the active ingredients, it can be used as an alternative to conventional chemical drugs in used to treat infections.}, Keywords = {Antimicrobial effects, Extract, Pecanum harmala}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-238-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-238-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Alinezhad, Hadi and Abbasi, Asieh and Farzanegi, Parvin and Abdi, Ahm}, title = {The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Aerobic Exercise on the Expression of β-catenin and GSK-3β Genes in Heart Tissue of Rats in the Experimental Model of Knee Osteoarthritis}, abstract ={Introduction: Proliferation has long been the main source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in tissue repair , cell therapy and tissue engineering strategies. On the other hand, regular exercise as part of a person’s daily routine may help manage pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mesenchymal stem cell injection and aerobic exercise on the expression of β-catenin and GSK-3β gene in the heart tissue of mice in an experimental model of knee osteoarthritis. Methods and Materials: For this purpose, 35 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 250-300 gr were divided into 5 groups (7 heads in each group) : 1) control-healthy, 2) controlpatient, 3) saline, 4) MSCs and 5) exercise + MSCs. The OA model (osteoarthritis) was induced initially. Bone marrow cells were then collected for grouping to use MSCs from the femur and tibia. After culturing in the laboratory, 1000000 per kg body weight were prepared for each mouse. During the recovery period, cells were injected as a single injection at the site of induction. The 4-week training program was implemented progressively in accordance with the principle of overload. Laboratory analysis of β-catenin and GSK-3β gene levels in cardiac tissue was determined using special commercial kits by real-time PCR. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance. Results: Induction of the OA model in rats resulted in a significant increase in the β-catenin gene. Moreover, it caused a significant decrease in the GSK3β gene of heart tissue compared to the healthy control group in addition, MSCs and exercise + MSCs resulted in a decrease in the β–catenin gene as well as an increase in the GSK3β gene of heart tissue compared to the patient group. The changes in the MSCs group were not significant lonely; however, they were significant in the exercise+ MSCs group. Discussion and Conclusion: Stem cell injection had little effect on β-catenin and GSK-3β genes in heart tissue. However, aerobic exercise after stem cell injection in osteoarthritis rats was able to make significant changes in β-catenin and GSK-3β genes created heart tissue. Therefore, stem cell injection combined with aerobic exercise may prevent cardiovascular disease in the experimental model of osteoarthritis by inhibiting wnt/β-catenin signaling in the heart.}, Keywords = {Osteoarthritis, Cardiovascular disease, Aerobic training, MSCs, Wnt/β-Catenin signaling}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {8-19}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-232-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-232-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Biglari, Mohaddese and jambozorg, Hannane and Amiri, Fatemeh and Tavakoli, Sima and Seyedi, Seyed Mohammadreza and Afshari, Mohamm}, title = {Survey on Laboratory Test Quality Control Establishment in Public and Private Medical Laboratories in Hamedan Province}, abstract ={Introduction: The purpose of laboratory test quality control establishment is to ensure the daily stability of the test system. Considering the defined principles guarantees laboratory performance improvement and patients’ confidence in the results of their tests. This study was conducted to survey laboratory test quality control establishment in public and private medical laboratories in Hamedan province. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional and retrospective study, data of 184 laboratories (117 private and 67 public) was entered to SPSS software version 16 based on the quality system of medical laboratory evaluating check list, available in the reference laboratory of Hamadan province from 2016 to 2019. Data were analyzed using nonparametric equation of Kruskal-Wallis test by comparing the significance level of P-value <0.05. Results: The highest percentage of non-conformities belonged to the quality control records index with an average of %23.88 (P-value = 0.002). Mean of laboratory test quality control onconformities were %31.72 and %18.81 in public and private laboratories respectively which were not significantly different from each other. However, there was a significant difference in comparison of each of them with all laboratories in Hamadan province (P-value = 0.031 and 0.041). Discussion and Conclusion: The assessment of 6 indicators during 4 years showed that private laboratories had better performance than public laboratories in term of laboratory test quality control establishment.}, Keywords = {Medical laboratory, Quality control, Quality control record, non-conformity}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {20-28}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-240-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-240-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Investigating the Level of Readiness to Encounter Critical Situations in the Operating Room of Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital as a Trauma Center in Kermanshah in 2018}, abstract ={Introduction: Operating room crises, such as malignant hyperthermia or unexpected bleeding, are rare; however, they are serious threats to the patient’s life in these critical situations. According to global statistics, 234 million surgeries are performed annually in the world. At least 3 million of them are faced the crises in the operating room. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of readiness for dealing with critical situations in the operating room of Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital as a trauma center in Kermanshah in 2018. Methods and Materials: This study was performed as a descriptive-analytical study. The study population included members of the surgical teams of Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital’s operating room (anesthesiologist, technician of anesthesia, surgeon and surgeon assistant) and sampling method was the census. After receiving the letter from Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and the School of Paramedical Sciences, the researcher distributed the standard questionnaire of surveying the readiness of the surgical team in the face of operating room crises among the members of the surgical team. After collecting the questionnaires, the data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results: The number of participants was 40 members of the surgical team. The interpretation of the data showed that the readiness of the surgical team in the operating room of Taleghani hospital is in very good level for controlling and managing fire crises, asystole and cardiac arrest (VF or VT). On the other hand, the level of readiness and awareness of the surgical team is at a low level to control air embolism crises, anaphylactic shock and malignant hyperthermia. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the present study show that the surgical team’s readiness against air embolism crisis, anaphylactic shock and malignant hyperthermia is at a low level. In addition the awareness of the surgical team to control this crisis is low. Thus, educational interventions are essential to increase awareness of the surgical team for controlling and managing these crises.}, Keywords = {Crisis, Operating Room, Surgery}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {29-35}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-233-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-233-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {yadollahi, salman and heydarpoordastgerdi, sadegh}, title = {The Correlation between Organizational Commitment of Emergency Medical Service Staff and Care Quality of Pre-hospital Services in Chaharmahal-Bakhtyari Province in 2020}, abstract ={Introduction: Organizational commitment issue is one of the most significant motivation factors. These issues have been currently developed in psychological studies and they have an important position in the researches. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the correlation between organizational commitment of emergency medical services staff and care quality of pre-hospital in chaharmahal and bakhtyari province. Methods and Materials: This was an analytical, cross-sectional, and practical study in which 113 emergency medical service staff and 217 patients were randomly selected from nurses hospital wards. Data was collected through two standard questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using correlation tests and one-way ANOVA by SPSS software version 18. Results: According to the results of this study, normative commitment was statistically associated with the quality of services (P = 0.05, r =0.52). Furthermore, there are significant positive relationship between the continuance commitment and reliability (P = 0.02, r = 0.52). Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the correlation of normative and continuance commitments with some dimensions of the quality of hospital services, it seems that planning and action towards improvement of these commitments may lead to high-quality services.}, Keywords = {Organizational commitment, normative commitment, Affective commitment, Continuance commitment, care quality pre Hospital}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {36-43}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-230-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-230-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Rahiminejad, Nima and DarbEmamie, Amir and Ghorbani, Mahdi and Aslani, Peym}, title = {Viral Infections and their Role in Autoimmune Diseases, with Emphasis on Mechanisms and Molecular Interactions}, abstract ={Introduction: The exact cause of most autoimmune diseases is still unknown; however, several factors play a role in causing or exacerbating autoimmune reactions. In addition to environmental factors such as bacterial, parasitic, fungal and viral infections, factors such as genetic characteristics and lifestyle are also included. Infections caused by viruses usually trigger a strong immune response that is essential to control the infection. However, in some cases, failure to regulate this immune response may lead to destructive immune reactions against host antigens. The present article discusses about mechanisms that viral infections and the path way that immune system responds to those infections. In addition, the present article review data related to ncidence of viral infections in development or exacerbation of autoimmune diseases. Methods and Materials: This review article has been performed by searching in international databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar as well as Persian databases such as SID and Magiran. Results: Epidemiological studies on humans as well as experimental studies on animals have shown that viral infections can cause autoimmune damage depending on various factors including genetic characteristics, host immune responses, type of virus strain, viral load, and time of onset of infection. They can induce or protect against its occurrence. However, limited data are available to describe the apparent interaction between the virus and the immune system to induce immune reactions. Discussion and Conclusion: Available data indicates that autoimmunity derived from viral infections can be activated through a number of mechanisms including molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, bystander activation, and immortalization of infected B cells. Protective effects can be achieved through overlooking autoimmune responses that were suppressed autoimmune events. Therefore, it is essential to have a better understanding of immune-related molecular processes in autoimmunity arises from viral infections.}, Keywords = {Viral infections, Autoimmune disease, Immune system, Molecular mimicry}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {44-52}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-229-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-229-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Gholamhosseini, Leila and Rashidifard, Mohammad and Saadat, Mohammadrez}, title = {Assessing Effective Factors on Job Satisfaction of Health Information Department Staff: A Review Article}, abstract ={Introduction: Job satisfaction has an effective concept for expressing employees’ assessment of the conditions in the workplace and its consequences. The Health Information department is considered as the most important reference for obtaining information related to patients, how to treat them, how to manage and perform staff in hospitals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effective factors on job satisfaction of health information management staff. Methods and Materials: This review article has been performed by searching Job Satisfaction, Hospitals, and Health Information Department keywords in domestic scientific databases such as Magiran and SID, and foreign databases such as: OVID, PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar searching engine. Results: The results showed that factors such as the incidence of various diseases and subsequent long absences, fixed, non-rotating and strict leadership, manager intervention in correcting the mistakes of the department staff and the uniformity and non-rotation of jobs have a great impact on reducing job satisfaction of health information staff.  Discussion and Conclusions: Increasing the job satisfaction of health information staff is very important because this issue can improve patients quality of health care and increase confidence in meeting health related needs. The findings of this study provide examples of work supervision and health information department manager support for department staff. These supervisions and protections must be specific, and if they are public, they can reduce job satisfaction.}, Keywords = {Assessment, Job Satisfaction, Health Information Department}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {53-64}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-235-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-235-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {porsoleiman, leila and Sadeghi, Mojtab}, title = {A Survey on the Effect, of Covid19 on Pregnant Women and its Complications on their Fetuses and Newborn Childs (from February 2020 to January 2021)}, abstract ={Introduction: During the outbreak of infectious diseases, pregnant women and their fetuses are more at risk than other populations. The results of some studies indicate that some viral diseases cause unwanted complications in pregnant women and their fetuses and infants. The present study aimed to investigate the symptoms of coronavirus and its possible effects on pregnant women and their newborns. Methods and Materials: This review article has performed by searching Covid19, Corona, Neonates, Pregnancy, and Pregnant women keywords in various data bases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus and searching the Central Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) website. Results: In Covid19 epidemic, pregnant women are more susceptible to infection due to changes in the body system. According to the literatures, pregnant women are at higher risk of severe Covid disease and mortality than non-pregnant women. In addition, pregnant women with Covid19 may be at higher risk for other side effects such as preterm delivery (giving birth earlier than 37 weeks). Furthermore, newborns of pregnant mothers, who are infected with Covid19, will be infected with Covid19 if they are in contact with infected respiratory secretions of their mother or caregivers. The symptoms are milder or sometimes they are asymptomatic. The possibility of vertical transmission of the disease in the mother’s womb is also low. Discussion and Conclusion: Due to the increased risk of pregnancy complications in pregnant women infected with Covid19, it is recommended that health organizations and officials pay special attention to the implementation of care and support protocols in the case of pregnant women and their babies before and after delivery.}, Keywords = {Covid19, Corona, Neonates, Pregnancy, Pregnant women}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {65-72}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-236-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-236-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Moeeni, Fateme and Sepehrnia, Nasrin and Karbasi, Tina and Taheri, Ehsan and SaghafiKhadem, Sohrab and Nazemi, Mohse}, title = {Effectiveness of Motivational Interview on Improving Physical and Mental Health in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory, debilitating and progressive disease that has wide physical and psychological dimensions. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of motivational interview on improving the physical and mental health of this disease. Methods and Materials: For this purpose, 24 patients with MS referred to Ghaem and Imam Reza (AS) hospitals in Mashhad were selected voluntarily and they divided into experimental and control groups randomly (12 patients in each group). The experimental group received group motivational interview in 5 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. Dependent variables were measured in pre-test and post-test. The quality of life scale of MS patients was used to measure the variable. Results: Data analysis using multivariate analysis of covariance showed that by controlling the effects of pre-test, group motivational interview had a significant effect on improving the physical and mental health of the disease. Discussion and Conclusion: The present study shows that group motivational interview based on principles such as empathy and support the personal effectiveness of clients improve the physical and psychological symptoms of MS.}, Keywords = {Motivational interview, Physical health, Mental health, Multiple sclerosis.}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-251-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-251-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Shurche, Sadegh and Esna-Ashari, Farzaneh and Nikzad, Safoor}, title = {Comparative Study of Level of Knowledge, Attitude and Performance of Radiologists, Medical Physicist and Radiographer Regarding Quality Control of Magnetic Resonance Imaging}, abstract ={Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of technicians and Radiologists, Medical Physicists and Radiographers in quality control of MRI devices. Methods and Material: 78 radiologists, medical physicists, and radiographers in seven medical centers of Hamadan were included in this study. Each member duties were determined based on the latest changes in the MRI quality control booklet designed by ACR. Moreover, three questionnaires for each group and one questionnaire related to the specifications of the device were prepared and completed by the relevant personnel. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. Results: The results of Spearman correlation test show that there is a weak relationship between knowledge and performance (r= -0.005), knowledge with attitude (r= -0.032) and performance with attitude (r = 0.111) in radiographers. There is a weak relationship between knowledge and performance (r= 0.3), knowledge with attitude (r= 0.246) and performance with attitude (r = -0.109) in radiologists. In addition, there is a weak relationship between knowledge and performance (r= -0.177) in Medical physicists. Although there was a strong relationship between the level of knowledge with attitude (r= 0.559) and performance with attitude (r=-0.109) in medical physicists, this relationship was not statistically significant. Discussion and Conclusion: Factors including the presence of a complete quality control group, knowledge of performance, attitude of the group, appropriate and continuous training during service, availability of appropriate tools, mandatory rules for QA and the appropriateness of the number of patients to staff are the most important factors in control the quality of MRI.}, Keywords = {Level of knowledge, Quality Control, Magnetic Resonance Imaging}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {11-19}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-245-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-245-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Seyedi, Seyed Mohammadreza and Afshari, Mohammad and Amiri, Fatemeh and Daneshyar, Fahimeh and Biglari, Mohaddese and Jambozorg, Hannane}, title = {Survey on non-Conformities Reported in Public and Private Medical Laboratories of Hamadan Province}, abstract ={Introduction: Clinical laboratory is a workplace where a variety of diagnostic tests are performed and it plays an important role in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. Non-conformity does not meet the predetermined requirements. Laboratory nonconformities influence laboratory test results. Addressing of non-conformities is essential for laboratory improvement. The aim of this study was to survey the reported non-conformities in public and private medical laboratories of Hamadan province. Methods and Materials: It was cross- sectional retrospective study. All date from the completed medical laboratory quality system assessment check lists for 184 medical laboratories, 117 private and 67 public, were interred to SPSS version16 software. The information was presented using mean standard deviation and nonparametric equation of Kruskal-Wallis test and significance level by Pvalue<0.05 was used to analysis. Results: By assaying the indexes of mentioned checklist, the highest non-conformities with an average of 71% (PValue=0.010) belonged to the index of testing process and the lowest non-conformities belonged to the index of staff with an average of 14.39%. Public laboratories with an average of 13.01% (PValue=0.010) and private laboratories with an average of 14.64% (PValue=0.001) had significant difference compared to all laboratories, but there was not significant difference between public and private laboratory nonconformities. Discussion and Conclusion: The average percentage of reported non-conformities in the laboratories of Hamadan province has decreased from 2016 to2020. More supervision and staff training could be helpful to reduce non-conformity rate.}, Keywords = {Medical Laboratory, Non-conformity, Testing process, Staff.}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {20-27}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-243-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-243-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Effect of Improvement of Surgical Safety Checklist on Surgical Technologists’s Attitude and Satisfaction}, abstract ={Introduction: One of the primary duties that circulating and scrub nurses fulfill is to record instruments and procedures adopted during a surgical operation. The present research was performed to explore operating room personnel’s perspectives on both the existing and improved checklist the one that was produced on the basis of evidence and guidelines. Methods and Materials: This non-randomized descriptive study was performed on 28 operating room personnel on both the existing surgical safety checklist and the improved one. The researcher made checklist was provided on the basis of books, results of studies, and qualified specialists’ attitudes. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19 as well as descriptive and analytical statistical tests. Results: Data revealed that 25% (7 persons) and 75% (21 persons) of respondents were men and women respectively. There was statistically significant difference between personnel’s perspectives on the improved checklist and present checklist (24% compared with 77%). Moreover the present checklist is more comprehensive than the previous one (65% compared with 23%). That is to say the improved checklist is a more comprehensive guide than the existing checklist in recording procedure (p<0.05). Discussion and Conclusions: It is essential to keep a complete and comprehensive checklist of procedures implemented and instruments used during a surgical operation. Therefore, it is essential to improve and complete the Surgical Safety Checklist on the basis of existing evidence and the results.}, Keywords = {Surgical Safety, Checklist, Improvement, operating room}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {28-36}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-247-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-247-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Mahmoudzadeh, Samaneh and Rafati, Mohamm}, title = {Investigating the Effect of Professional Ethics in Empowering the Official Staff of the Central Organization of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Professional ethics has become a common feature of human capital. It is the most significant variable in the success of organization. Professional ethics has a great impact on employee empowerment and it increases the productivity of human resources. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of professional ethics in empowering the official staff of the Central Organization of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Methods and Materials: This descriptive-survey study includes 150 official employees of the Central Organization of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences that were selected by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using demographic characteristics tools, professional ethics and staff empowerment. Data were analyzed using descriptiveinferential statistics. Results: Professional ethics and employee empowerment are desirable whit the significant level of 0.061 and 0.072 respectively (T>0.05). The other findings indicate that there is a positive relationship among employee’s social responsibility (3.067), self-efficacy (3.217), and scientific responsibility to others (2.122). However, there is a negative significant relationship in belonging to scientific community. Discussion and Conclusion: Since there is a positive relationship between professional ethics and the majority of areas of employee empowerment, managers should pay attention to employee empowerment that is affected by professional ethics.}, Keywords = {Professional ethics, Empowerment,Medical staff}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {37-42}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-237-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-237-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Gholamhosseini, Leila and Mehrabi, Nahid and Rezazadeh, Ali and kabodian, Farsh}, title = {Evaluation of Barriers and Facilitators Affecting the Implementation of Electronic Health Records in Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Despite the development of information technology in the field of health, the process of creating and using electronic health records is still difficult. Therefore, identifying the implementation barriers of this system contribute to eliminate them and adopt effective implementation strategies. Methods and Materials: The present study is a review article and the research population included documents related to barriers and facilitators affecting the implementation of electronic health records. Databases were searched in SID, Iran Medex, Magiran and Google Scholar search engine. Only 14 sources were reviewed among the 152 recovered sources. For this purpose, the draft data collection form was designed in Excel software. The validity of the final form was approved after receiving the opinions of experts and making the necessary corrections. Then, the selected sources were entered based on the objectives of the study in the data collection form. After that, the narrative analysis was performed. Results: The most important implementation barriers in performing the EHR are the attitudinal and behavioral limitations of individuals and organizational changes. Thus, paying attention to education and the health care providers participation in implementing is essential to ensure that they have the right attitude. If system users know about the features, objectives, benefits and positive impact of the EHR on their work and they consider the standards related to data confidentiality as well as the ability to exchange messages, their resistance to the changes will decrease and their interest and readiness to accept the EHR increases. Discussion and Conclusion: Findings indicate that employing a team of experts in different areas, implementing essential education technical provision for performing EHR along with allocating financial resources can help overcome barriers to the adoption of EHR.  }, Keywords = { Electronic Health Record, Implementation, Barriers, Facilitators, Health Information Technology}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {43-49}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-234-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-234-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {Esmaeilizadeh, Amirhossein and Eftekhari, and Akbari, Rez}, title = {Hospital Waste Management}, abstract ={Introduction: Currently, the production of hospital waste is increased by growing the population and expansion of the cities. Moreover, it has been changed to a great challenge. If this growing is not controlled it will be turned into an environmental disaster. Various waste disposal methods are proposed for disposing of hospital waste. This study aimed to acquaint with the hospital wastes and theire disposal methods. Methods and Materials: In this review study, the essential information is collected from the last three years published articles by searching them in various databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, SID, and some library references. The exclusive and combinations keywords such as waste, infectious, waste management, waste disposal methods, infectious waste, and infectious medical waste are used to search relevant articles. Results: Hospital waste is categorized into various groups. Various methods such as dry heat, wet temperature, chemical disinfectant, burying waste into the ground and Super Critical Fluid Carbon Dioxide are used to dispose the hospital waste. Some advantages and disadvantages are described for each of these methods. Out of all, the Super Critical Fluid Carbon Dioxide has a potent activity on microorganisms. In addition, it has a low cost interms of extraction. Discussion and Conclusion: Diverse methods are proposed to dispose hospital waste. Selection of an effective way depends on the type and amount of the waste and social and economical condition of the country. This posing hospital waste could be managed with regular planning, proper management, use of appropriate method fit to waste type, and enough training of people and hospital officials. Further researches need to find an appropriate waste disposal method that is compatible with environmental, economical, and social cindittions of the country}, Keywords = {Waste Management, Hospital Waste, Infectious Waste}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {50-63}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-239-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-239-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Investigating the Rate of Nosocomial Infections and Providing Solutions to Prevent and Control it}, abstract ={Introduction: Nosocomial infections are one of the most important health issues around the world that impose medical costs, increase the length of hospitalization and death of many patients. Moreover, control of nosocomial infections improves the health of patients and reduces hospital costs. The aim of this study was to identify ways to prevent nosocomial infections based on the latest research. Methods and Materials: This review article has been performed by searching nosocomial infection, medical staff performance, nurse’s performance, and standard hospital precautions keywords in various data bases including Google Scholar, SID, Elsevier Science and Magiran sites between the years 1990 to 2020. Results: In all review and research articles, they agreed on the importance of nosocomial infections and the principle that prevention is better than treatment. Additionally, each article provided a solution according to their research. Medical personnel can play an effective role in controlling nosocomial infections. The percentage of which was 42% among these articles. Discussion and Conclusion: Staff awareness, which was one of the significant point about controlling infection, did not have an acceptable level based on the article. Since staff play an important role in prevention of these infections, it recommends to increase their awareness. The other point was the importance of the staff hand washing with 26.3%, which should be done in calm environment and in compliance with the necessary satndards.}, Keywords = {Nosocomial infection,Infection control,Infection,Medical personne}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {64-71}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-242-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-242-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2020} }