@article{ author = {Saba, Valiallah}, title = {Estimating the Cost Effectiveness of Lung Cancer Screening with Low-dose Computed Tomography Considering Early Detection Rate in Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Lung cancer is the most common and most deadly cancer in most of countries of the world. One of the most significant problems with this cancer is the lack of accurate and specific statistics about the prevalence and mortality rate in Iran. Results of cancer registry program in 2008 in Iran indicated a low incidence rate of lung cancer. However, these statistics were wrong and far from the reality. Several other studies have been done in Iran demonstrating high incidence rates of lung cancer. On the recent recommendation of international organizations such as, the American Cancer Society (ACS), the American College of Radiology ACR, and the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer IASLC in 2013, the most effective method for the prevention of mortality due to lung cancer is the annual screening of high risk people with low dose computed tomography (LDCT). The cost effectiveness of this program should be evaluated before the implementation of it in the country. Methods and Materials: The most important benefit of implementing screening is the increase of lung cancers early detection rate. This is the main basis for calculating the cost effectiveness in different countries. The cost effectiveness of the project has been estimated by using the data in the country and basing on the results of an important project carried out in America and Netherlands (the international NLST project in America and the international NELSON project in Netherland). In addition, the early detection rate was estimated and compared with others. Results: Our analysis indicates that the implementation of screening will increase the early detection rate about 500% in the country. However, the early detection rate has been increased about 200% in NLST project. Thus, it is estimated that the implementation of this program will have more efficiency in Iran than American and European countries. Discussion and Conclusion: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in Iran; moreover, screening this cancer can rescue the thousands lives of our compatriots annually. Unfortunately, there are no plans to implement and enforce the screening in the country. It seems a incorrect statistics announced by the national cancer registry center in 2008 that showed the low incidence rate of this cancer is the basis for relevant authorities’ decision making. High cigarette consumption, air pollution in metropolis, and the mean age of the elderly are all the alarm for raising this cancer in the country. Screening the lung cancer with low dose CT imaging is considered as the most effective way to control and prevent deaths from this cancer in the country, so it should be paid serious attention by the relevant authorities.}, Keywords = {Lung cancer, Cost effectiveness, Cancer screening, Low-dose computed tomography}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Maleki, Reza and Mostafazadeh, Mostafa and NazariSharif, Hossein and RahimNejad, Soheil and Gorgani-Firuzjaee, Sattar}, title = {The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Air Guard Forces of Iran Army}, abstract ={Introduction: By progression of sedentary life style in societies, increased obesity related metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and diabetes. Metabolic syndrome as a precursor of other chronic diseases targeted for special consideration as a worldwide public health challenge. Metabolic syndrome accompanied with a collection of risk factors like abdominal obesity, glucose, triglycerides levels, blood pressure and HDL deficiency. Etiology of metabolic syndrome is a complex and that is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Due to lack of studies on military personnel, this study, investigated prevalence of metabolic syndrome in four age group among air guard personnel. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015. During the study, Fasting glucose levels, blood lipids, weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured between 1, 000 air guard officers that referred to annual health monitoring program. Then, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was assayed with two International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) criteria. Results: The data show that12 participants (1.2%) were under high blood pressure, and 56 (6/5%) were at risk for high blood pressure. Due to High levels of body mass index and waist circumference, 5 (0.5%) of officers were at risk of diabetes. Abnormal triglycerides and cholesterol were measured in 411 (41.1%) and 100 (10%) participants respectively. Serum HDL levels, body mass index and waist circumference was determined, and the results show that in 110 cases (11%) and 29 (9/2%) 110 (11%) respectively positive to metabolic syndrome risk. Finally, according to IDF criteria, 44 patients (4.4%) and ATPIII criteria, 32 cases (3.2 %) were identified as metabolic syndrome Discussion and Conclusion: Despite the relatively high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our country, The results show that incidence of metabolic syndrome risk factors among the officers of air guard is in low levels which may related to, military lifestyle. Due to the link between metabolic syndrome and other complications, the three golden orders: increased physical activity, weight control, and diet are suggested for prevention. A comprehensive program to train susceptible cases and treatment strategies is recommended.}, Keywords = {Metabolic syndrom, Triglycerid, Diabet, Obesity}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {8-16}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Pakzad, Reza and Barati, Mohammad and Moludi, Jala and Barati, Hadis and Pakzad, Iraj}, title = {Epidemiology of Brucellosis in the North and North-West Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Brucellosis is a disease that causes health problems and enormous economic problems.Given that the provinces of the north and northwest part of the country are with high prevalence, A Study was done to assess the epidemiology of the disease in the country was done. Methods and Materials: This Study is a cross-sectional study (Descriptive - Analytic).The population of the present study was patients with brucellosis in provinces of North and North West of the country that their disease has been diagnosed in the first six months of 1393. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and analysis statistics such as t-test was used for data analysis by using Stata software. Results: The total number of cases were 2585 that West Azerbaijan province was highest number with 889(34.39%) . Most people suffered from the disease were rural and men were more than women, But the average age at the time of disease was significantly lower in men than in women (P = 0.001). The Most group involved in the study was between 25 to 44 years. In terms of consumption of dairy products and contact with animals, the highest operating was local raw milk consumption with 63.9% and contact with live animals (54.3%) respectively.  Discussion and Conclusion: Brucellosis is still one of the health problems in Iran, particularly in north and northwest provinces of the country. Due to the large variety of disease distribution in the country, there is a need for a comprehensive health strategy to be prepared in accordance with the region epidemiological characteristics}, Keywords = {Brucellosis, Malta fever, Epidemiology, Iran}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {17-23}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Khorramian, Daryoush and HashemiMalayeri, Bijan and Sistani, Soroush}, title = {Effects of Different Reconstruction Kernels on Noise and Spatial Resolution of Computed Tomography Images: A Phantom Study}, abstract ={Introduction: Noise and spatial resolution (SR) are the main characteristics of image quality in CT scanning affected by different radiation and technical parameters. One of the important parameters are reconstruction kernels. Different reconstruction kernels are used for noise reduction and/or edge-enhancement purposes. In this study, we investigate some reconstruction kernels about noise and SR on a commercial CT scanner. Methods and Materials: To evaluate the noise and SR, a standard quality control phantom was used with the diameter of 16cm. Images were taken and reconstructed with 5 different kernels. Reconstructed kernels were H10, H30, H40, H50 and H70. For SR estimation we used point spread function (PSF) around narrow tungsten wire and full width at half maximum (FWHM) for each image. All measurements were performed on Siemens Emotion 6 CT scanner. Results: Noise of images in H10, H30, H40, H50 and H70 were 2.61±0.67, 4.33±1.20, 5.94±1.89, 8.58±3.30 and 19.59±4.53 respectively. FWHM in H10, H30, H40, H50 and H70 were 1.80±0.19, 1.44±0.11, 1.32±0.17, 1.24±0.09 and 1.04±0.17 respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, the effect of implementing 5 different reconstruction kernels on noise and SR of CT images were investigated. Based on the results, the noise increased and FWHM decreased with the increment of kernels’ number from H10 to H70.}, Keywords = {Reconstruction kernel, Noise, Spatial resolution, Computed tomography}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {25-29}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-70-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-70-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Tabeshian, Amir}, title = {Dentists`Attitude and Performance of Najafabad on Observing Health Standards to Prevent Infection Transmission in Dentistry}, abstract ={Introduction: The risk of being affected by infectious diseases in dentistry directly depends upon degree the amount of contact with body liquids, such as blood and saliva and working tools. Different micro-organisms including AIDS virus, Hepatitis B, oral thrush are possible to be transferred in dentistry. Dental interventional (FDI) suggested that all dental patients, in spite of healthy looking, are considered to be infective. Therefore, the health principles and protective and safety methods must be observed in all the sequences to prevent cross-infection. Methods and Materials: By observing healthy principles and protection safety method to prevent cross – infection will reduce the risk of infectious diseases. This study was crosssectional descriptive and data related to the attitudes and performance were collected by filling a questionnaire and checklist in the dentist’s clinics, respectively. A total of 70 dentists were selected. Results: Mean score of the attitude-related questions and the performance checklist were 5.36 and 8.03, respectively (P≤0.05). No significant relation was found between dentists` attitude and performance (P=0.1, r=0.16). In addition, there was not any significant relation between attitude and years of service (P=0.092, r=0.17), neither between performance and years of service (P=0.12, r=0.15) (P≤0.05). The sample responded positively to all the attitude-related questions with a high percentage and they had a positive performance in all the checklist items. Discussion and Conclusion: The dentist’s performance was acceptable, and the level of attitude was high regarding observing health and safety standards with respect to preventive methods for infection transmission. The subjects found to be as the same level as the dentists in developing countries. Also dental patient should be informed of the observing health standards in dental environment.}, Keywords = {Attitude, Performance, Infection transmission, Infection diseases}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {30-37}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-49-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-49-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Masud and Mirzaei, Masud and TavakoliHosseini, Ali and Tabatabaee, Seyed Hossein and Aghili, Hossein and Bidbozorg, Hamid and Barati, Hadis}, title = {The Survey on the Effects of Educational and Occupational Status of Parents in the Academic Achievement of Dentistry Students at University of Medical Sciences of Yazd in Academic Year 2014-2015}, abstract ={Introduction: Students’ educational status is an important issue in academical training. Students’ educational status can be improved by determining the effective causes. The current study aimed to determine the effect of parents’ educational and occupational status of students’ educational success in the school of dentistry in Yazd university of medical sciences. Materials and Methods: The Discriptive-Analytical study was implemented among 217 students from Shahid Sadoughi Faculty of Dentistry of Yazd in 2014 using the census method. All students with a GPA equal to or over 15 were considered as successful students and those with an average less than 14 as unsuccessful students in academic achievements. Data were collected using a questionnaire and then they were then analyzed using the SPSS 17 software and Chi-Square test. Results: In the present study, there were significant differences between two groups of students (P<0.05) in terms of personal characteristics such as employment status, mother’s education, and academic achievement while there were no significant differences between two groups in education and occupation of father and mother’s job in their academic success. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that it can be expected to have better success in students’ academic achievement in education by enhancing the parents’ career and education.}, Keywords = {Academic achievement, Parental, Employment status, Educational status, Dental students}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {38-43}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-72-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-72-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Banaei, Ami}, title = {Evaluation of the Radiobiological Effects and Medical Care Solutions after a Nuclear Detonation}, abstract ={Introduction: Individual exposure after a nuclear detonation (atomic bomb) delivers abundant doses with high dose rates to the people who were located near the nuclear detonation location or within the fallout zone. Effects of the radiation to the humans and animal models will be studied and a fundamental ground work of medical services and managing systems for such accidents would be provided in this article. Methods and Materials: This research is theoretical and analytical method that was performed by searching care proceedings, nuclear detonation, radiobiological effects, acute radiation syndrome and radiation accidents key words in the Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus web sites in terms of content (Content Analysis). This article was written based on the 10 chosen articles which were found after the research in the internet web sites. Results: Whole-body doses >2 Gy which was found in the fallout zones or in the areas near the detonation location, can produce clinically significant acute radiation syndrome (ARS)(definite radiation effects), which classically involves the hematologic, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and cardiovascular/central nervous systems. The severity and presentation of ARS are affected by several factors, including radiation dose and dose rate, inter-individual variability in radiation response, type of radiation (e.g., gamma alone, gamma plus neutrons), partial-body shielding, and possibly age, sex, and certain preexisting medical conditions. The combination of radiation with trauma, burns, or both (i.e., combined injury) confers a worse prognosis than the same dose of radiation alone. Supportive care measures, including fluid support, antibiotics, and possibly myeloid cytokines (e.g., granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), can improve the prognosis for some irradiated casualties. Available resources for the supportive and therapeutic cares were far less than demands of the extents of injuries and access to these resources for the patients and injured people will be very limited during the nuclear detonations and its consequences. Discussion and Conclusion: Because of the leakage and hard limitations in the resources availability for supportive and medical cares, it will be impossible to apply these cares and services for all of the patients and injured people after the nuclear detonation. It is necessary to determining the patients who must receive these cares. It is more appropriate to evaluate the absorbed dose of the all injured people by applying the biological dosimetry methods. Regarding to the patient symptoms and absorbed dose, type of the ARS syndrome will be determined. After the patients division, selected patients will be undergoing medical and supportive cares. For optimal use of available resources it is necessary to provide a general plan for doing these cares and services, guidance for training people who want to do medical and supportive cares for the radiation injured patients and building a database of the radiation accidents injured patient’s data. Long term radiobiological effects such as the cancer, teratogenesis, and heritable genetic effects were not evaluated and just initial effects of radiation were discussed in this study.}, Keywords = {Care proceedings, Nuclear detonation, Radiobiological effects, Acute radiation syndrome, Radiation accidents}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {44-55}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-73-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-73-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {PahlevanNejad, Mohsen and Moradi, Ehsan and Moradi, Fateme}, title = {Nutrition and Military Rations in Operational Areas with an Emphasis on Food Content}, abstract ={Introduction: All human beings need the proper nutrition in order to maintain and improve their health as well as achieve optimal physical and mental health. Proper nutrition not only sponsor calories and nutrients that is needed by the body, but also increase or decrease an inappropriate weight. Moreover, it prevents a range of physical and mental disorders related to nutrition and promotes the ability of person. Providing a detailed food rations for the military, on one hand, would require a comprehensive review of the age, sex, anthropometric conditions, type of military activities, available facilities and on the other hand, the cooperation with all relevant sectors. Methods and Materials: This research is theoretical and analytical method that was performed in terms of content (Content Analysis) and it should be noted that the accuracy of the material has been proved in several papers; in other words, they are not just a theory. Results: From a military standpoint, diet (Ration) is the amount of necessary food for a military person in one day. Operational rations is a general term used for diets in operational areas and war. For the operational rations, the selection of a specific diet or a meal for individuals or groups depends on the logistical and the tactical conditions, environmental conditions, food consumption, Type of mission, enemy status, area of operation, and the time conditions. Discussion and Conclusion: To participate in different parts of biological warfare, one military should be healthy enough to have enough ability for management and combat. Physical ability of a military requires suppliers and factors to prevent his immune system from weakness. Factors such as harsh climatic conditions, poor health and nutrition, other environmental stress are those that may reduce the physical capability of a fighter.}, Keywords = {Military rations, Operational area, Military, Meal}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {56-63}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-74-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-74-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Akbari, Zahra and Mohammadi, Masoud and Effati, Behnam and Arsangjang, Shahram and Aboalkhirian, Samaneh and Barati, Hadis}, title = {The Survey on the Prevalence of the Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors among the Qom University of Medical Sciences Staffs in 2012}, abstract ={Introduction: Nowadays, cardiovascular diseases are known as one of the threatening factors of humans’ health. Therefore, this study examined the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases risk factors in Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2011. Methods and Materials: The present study is cross – sectional study. The sample size was equal to 0.05, regarding to the sample size formula for cross-sectional study and probability of type I error. Moreover, the accuracy of study was 0.25, and the minimum required sample size was equal to 188 individual. The samples were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire; moreover, descriptive and inferential statistical tests (mean, chi-square tests) were used to analyze the results by using SPSS version 18. Results: The mean age of participants was 36.52 ± 8.3and 81.4% of them were married. The results showed that There were significant differences between the male and female employees in the meantime physical activity (P=0.005), waist circumference (P=0.0001), age of onset of smoking (P=0.001) and blood pressure (P=0.0001). In addition, there were significant relationships between the body mass index and waist circumference with History of hypertension (P=0.0001), history of fat (P=0.0001), and history of diabetes (P=0.005). Discussion and Conclusion: Generally, this study was conducted on medical university staffs that most of them were familiar with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and they had a healthy lifestyle, so cardiovascular diseases had lower prevalence among them.}, Keywords = {Cardiovascular disease, Risk factors, Prevention, Prevalence}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-7}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-76-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-76-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sadeghi, Mojtaba and Damroodi, Mostafa and SinaeiRad, Amir}, title = {The study of the Rate of Users Satisfaction with the Book of “Relative Value of Health Services” in 2015}, abstract ={Introduction: The daily progress of medical science, the advance of medical technologies, industries, and the arrival of these technologies into the national health have created vast changes in the system of presentation of health services. Thus, it is necessary to adapt and coordinate the relative value of health services with such advances. Due to the significance of the matter and its serious impact on the incomes of the units which present services and provide the costs of the health system in different sectors, this research evaluates the users views about the book of new tariffs which has been put into force in all hospitals since October 2014. Methods and Materials: This research is a sectional descriptive study.Sixty surgeons and staffs of the discharge unit have been studied at the army hospitals in Tehran. Samples were selected randomly. Self-made quesstionnaire was used as an instrument for collecting data, Validity and reliability were confirmed by skilled experts and professors. Moreover, SPSS version 18 was used to present statistical indicators such as tables and diagrams. Results: The results of this research indicate that 50.0 percent of the users were fully satisfied with the structure of the new book of tariff, 36.7 percent were moderately satisfied with it, and 13.4 percent of the users were dissatisfied. In addition, 35 percent of the users were satisfied with the ease of accesing the book, 38.3 percent had an intermediate satisfaction with it, and 26.7 percent of the users were dissatisfied. Finally, 23.4 percent of the users were satisfied with the contents of this book, 31.3 percent had an intermediate satisfaction and 45.3 percent of the users were dissatisfied. Discussion and Conclusion: It seems that the errors existing in the older book of tariffs have been diminished and the newly developed book of tariffs has the relative ratification of the users. However, a noticeable rate of the local clients, i.e. the presenters of services of health, physicians and personnel of treatment domain are dissatisfied with the contents of the new book of tariff. Moreover, some users believed that the book of new tariff has not been able to fully implement the interdisciplinary justice. Therefore, in the new stages, efforts should be made to amend the weak points of the new tariff book and correct the national payment system.}, Keywords = {Relative value, Clinical tariffs, User satisfaction}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {8-15}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-77-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-77-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Zaaeri, Farzaaneh and Rastegar, Roghayeh and Siamy, Babak}, title = {Designing and Manufacturing Magnetic Cell Separation Device from Liquid Environment with High Performance}, abstract ={Introduction: Separation of molecules and cells using magnetic force is very simple, fast, efficient and low cost method in medical laboratory and research activities. The usage of this separation contributes to the quality of studies and related calculations in the field of laboratory sciences and researches. Methods and Materials: In the present study, we managed to make an optimal device for biological separations and cell sorting activities based on magnetic field. Two strong permanent magnets were devised inside a fiber glass body in a certain distance. Several spaces were created around the magnets for different kinds of sample containers such as injection syringes with different capacities from 2 to 20 ml in each container. The ability of isolation, concentration and purification of materials, and the ability of detection or study of molecular and cellular interaction has been provided by applying a magnetic field about 1.5 Tesela. Small iron beads covered by an inert polyester coating were prepared to be replaced in the containers for more efficient separation in very low concentrations. Results: To evaluate the performance and demonstrate the neutrality of veneer, a certain weight of the coating material were placed in usual solvents vicinity. Moreover, the coating material was evaluated in terms of weight changes. Increasing or decreasing of weight and changing in the veneer material were not observed in test conditions. TLC test was used for determining the possibility of remaining materials from the veneer to the fluid environment. This test proved that the veneer materials cannot penetrate to the testing environment. Various activities were taken to evaluate the efficiency of nanoparticles separation. First, very low concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles have been isolated by using this device frequently. Second, accumulative weight of nanoparticles was separated by measurement. Finally, the accuracy of separation was confirmed. Cell separation device performance was performed by isolating Lymphocytes from monocytes in peripheral blood using super paramagnetic iron nanoparticles conjugated with anti-CD14 antibody. Moreover, the accuracy of operations were determined and proven by identifying Lymphocytes and cell viability using Trypan blue. Discussion and Conclusion: This equipment is qualified for various separation activities in biological samples such as biomarkers from blood or serum in the medical diagnosis laboratories and research units.}, Keywords = {Magnetic separator, Magnetic nanoparticles, Cell sorting, Biomolecular separation, Sample purification}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {16-21}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Kanaani, Majid and Amiri, Seyed Mojtaba and Haghparast, Abbas and Rezaei, Masoud and Bijari, Salar and AzimiNayebi, Bashir}, title = {The Study of Factors Affecting Radiology Department Staffs of Teaching Hospitals Regarding the Applications of Hospital Information System of Kermanshah in 2015}, abstract ={Introduction: Studies of hospital information systems have been affected to reduce costs and boost the quality of care. In the present study, affective factors related to the knowledge of radiology department staffs have been investigated about the applications of hospital information system. Methods and Materials: Descriptive analytic method has been conducted in the current study. Staffs of six hospital of Kermanshah were participated in this study in 2015. A questionnaire included two sections of demographic and 40 questions related to the knowledge that have been used to assess the knowledge and its affective factors. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the related expert and the reliability was gained 80% by Cronbach’s alpha. Data analyses were performed using STATA software package version 12; moreover, linear regression was used to assess the impact of variables under study on employers’ knowledge. Results: The samples of this study were 76 females and 50 males that most of them have associate degree (47.6%). Mean level of knowledge of those passed the course HIS was higher (26.65) than those did not passed the course (22.93). The highest scores were observed in those with master’s degree (30.8). The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between the training HIS, having degree such as bachelor, masters, or higher than masters, and working with the imaging systems with the staff’s score knowledge (p<0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the fact that using hospital information systems will decrease costs and increase the quality of caring about there is a need for authorities’ special attention for holding the educational training with a related expert to increase the staffs’ awareness.}, Keywords = {Hospital information system, Staff, Radiology department, Knowledge, Kermanshah Medical Sciences University}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {22-31}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-78-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-78-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {GharagozlooHesari, Neda and Majidzade, Keyvan and Soleimani, Mohamm}, title = {Design of Optimized PCR Method for Detection of SHV Type ESBL Genes}, abstract ={Introduction: ESBL is an important factor in antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance has been proposed as a global problem in recent decades and it causes many deaths all over the world; therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis can be major step in solving this problem. This study aimed to identify SHV-type gene with PCR method. Methods and Materials: SHV gene sequences were extracted and aligned from Genbank. Specific PCR primers were designed according to the consensus of the SHV genes. A plasmid containing positive control of the gene was created by using PCR and cloning methods. The assay specificity was evaluated using Brucella genomic DNA and a panel containing genomes of 10 gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. The PCR assay was highly specific and no amplification products were observed from the non-SHV organisms, an other test of the specifity was done by the use of CTX-M and TEM betalactamases. Results: A band with a the length of 199bp was indicated in the agarose gel electrophoresis of the PCR product in accordance with the desired sequence. Showing the same fragment in PCR confirmed the recombinant plasmid of coloning product containing the SHV gene. When the plasmid was subjected to the SHV-PCR, a ladder-like pattern was visualized on the agarose gel. The pattern has never observed in the case of negative controls.The results of specify assay conveyed that primers were separately for SHV gene. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that PCR assay is a simple, rapid, sensitive and specific technique for detection of SHV gene that may improve diagnostic potential in clinical laboratories.}, Keywords = {Betalactamases, SHV, PCR}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {32-36}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ashtiyani, Danial and KarbalaeeMahdi, Ali}, title = {An Overview of Nanotechnology Applications in Medical Imaging with Nanoparticle Contrast Agents and Probe Designing}, abstract ={Introduction: Molecular imaging is one of the main focuses in medical diagnostics. Nanoparticles allow us to effectively imagine the various component of molecule with high contrast. Different factors have been discussed about contrast agent nanoparticles. Moreover, some of the most important samples have been highlighted in the present study. Methods and Materials: This research is a theoretical study and analytical method that was performed by searching Nanotechnology, Molecular imaging, Drug delivery methods, Gene therapy and contrast agent nanoparticles keywords in Google scholar, Science direct, Pubmed and Scopus websites in terms of content (content analysis). This article was written based on 10 chosen articles which were found after the search in the internet websites. Results: Most of the nanoparticles in this study have been used to produce the new contrast agents, in particular, for molecular imaging and diagnostics cellular processes. The benefits of using these nanoparticles contain: ability of producing high contrast, ease of integration into multiple properties, long time circulation in the blood and ability of carrying high volume (such as drugs). Principles and methods of producing nanoparticles have been improved over the recent years; therefore, the more complex samples of Nano sized contrast agents have been reported such as the: paramagnetic particles, macrophages quantum dots, quantum dot, and devices that can deliver material to the atomic and molecular sections. In addition, Micro-MRI has been used to survey vascular and drug delivery. Discussion and Conclusion: The usage of contrast agent nanoparticles provides more details about the processes and effects of a disease. Making these materials has significantly improved in the resent years by creating various functions in them. However, there are many areas for the improvement in biocompatibility, effectiveness, specific features and diagnosis. Generally, the contrast agent nanoparticles can be synthesized for specific performance and specific applications.}, Keywords = {Nanotechnology, Molecular imaging, Magnetic Resonance imaging, Drug delivery methods, Gene therapy}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {37-47}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-79-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-79-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sabbaghi, Ailar and Soleimani, Mohamm}, title = {An Overview of DNA Sequencing Methods (First Generation, Second Generation and Third Generation)}, abstract ={Introduction: The DNA sequencing is the most important technique in molecular biology by which the order of the nucleotides can be identified in a piece of DNA. There are several different methods for sequencing the DNA. Now, the DNA sequencing has great importance in the medical diagnostics and other medical fields. Some methods have been invented to speed up and increase the efficiency of the DNA sequencing by advances in the fields of nanotechnology and bioinformatics. This made it possible to perform larger, cheaper, faster, and more accurate projects, such as the sequencing of the human genome. Methods and Materials: This review article is a content analysis study that has been performed by searching DNA sequencing and DNA sequencing techniques with high throughput key words in google scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus websites. Results: Due to the importance of the DNA sequencing and its applications in the various fields, scientists intend to present new methods to decrease the expense and time with the accuracy increment and high throughput. Discussion and Conclusion: Along with increasing tendency of Iranian researchers in this area, this paper tried to provide the larger insight in conjunction with these methods amongst the researchers by introducing the different techniques of genome sequencing.}, Keywords = {DNA sequencing, DNA sequencing techniques with high throughput}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {48-60}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-71-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Moghaddamfar, Mehran and Sharifpour, Mohammad Ami}, title = {Cutaneous Leishmaniasis}, abstract ={Introduction: Leishmaniasis is one of the common parasitic disease which is one of the public health problems in tropical and subtropical regions. Moreover, Iran is faced to this issue. It affects about 20 to 40 cases in every 100000 persons annually and the number of cases is increasing around the world. This deseas is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania divided into major and tropica species in Iran. Based on official reports, more than 70% of cases are affected by leishmania major in our country. Methods and Materials: This review article has been performed by searching cutaneous leishmaniasis, leishmaniasis major and leishmania tropica keywords in various databases such as the SID, google scholar, PubMed and related books. Results: Serologic tests are rarely used to diognose cutaneous leishmaniasis because of wide spectrum of agents and low sensitivity and specificity. The best way of laboratory diagnosis is microscopic examination of infected individual’s skin biopsy. Five valent antimony compounds are used as a treatment for this disease. It is not necessary to cure all the patients because most of the injuries and damages recover on their own. Due to the side effects of antimony compounds, it is better to used fewer of these compounds. Discussion and Conclusion: Special attention should be paid to leishmaniasis due to the various routes of leishmania transmission. The rate of infection in endemic regions is very high; although, mortality and morbidity related to leishmaniasis is very low. Additionally, in several cases, the lesions of leshmaniasis is not curable even for one year. The most effective treatment for this disease is local injection of Glucantime which has its special disorders; therefore, it is limited to patients with death risk. There are lots of efforts to prevent leishmania transmission in Iran and there is a hope to eradicate it in near future.}, Keywords = {Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Leishmania major, Leishmania tropica}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {61-67}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-80-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-80-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Bijari, Salar and Banaei, Amin and Kanani, Maji}, title = {Assessment of Entrance Skin Doses and Effective Dose for Common X-ray Diagnostic Examinations}, abstract ={Introduction: Nowadays, we are witnessing a progressive application of radiology techniques in various communities as well as in Iran. Medical radiological examinations are one of the important sources of public radiological dose. Entrance skin doses and effective doses for patients in diagnostic radiology examinations should be assessed for the imaging techniques optimization and patient’s radiation protection. Thus, the related radiation-protection organizations have recommended measuring the patient doses resulted from such techniques. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the patient doses in common radiographic examinations. Methods and Materials: The eight most commonly radiology examinations were selected for dosimetry calculations after reviewing and analyzing radiology examination data at an imaging center over a 3-month period. 283 patients underwent eight radiography procedures containing Chest (PA), Pelvice (AP), Abdomen (AP), Skull (AP), Thoracic Spine (AP), Thoracic Spine (LAT), Lumbar Spine (AP) and, Lumbar Spine (LAT) were selected for dose measurements. Data of exposure parameters (kVp, mAs, FFD and projection) were collected in all 283 patients. ESD (Entrance Skin Dose) and effective dose values were calculated using the analytical formula and a software indirectly (PCXMC). In addition, they compared with published works and internationally established diagnostic reference levels. Results: The average entrance skin dose (in mGy) and effective dose (in mSv) for the Chest (PA), Pelvice (AP), Abdomen (AP), Skull (AP), Thoracic Spine (AP), Thoracic Spine (LAT), Lumbar Spine (AP) and, Lumbar Spine (LAT) were (0.15-0.028), (5.4-0.87), (2.7-0.61), (2.2-0.05), (4.6-0.28), (5.1-0.20), (5.8-0.47), (6.2-0.30), respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: As expected, the patient doses in radiology exams varied consumedly because it depends on many factors including the type of medical imaging systems, examination complexity, experience and skill of the operator, and patient’s weight. In radiology, it is possible to reduce patients’ effective dose using small field of views, appropriate potential difference and mAs. There is still a need for personnel training and national guidance on good practice for optimizing of patients’ doses.}, Keywords = {Radiology examination, Effective dose, Entrance skin dose}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-5}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-86-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-86-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {khodaee, naser}, title = {The Relationship Between ABO Blood Groups and Cardiovascular Diseases}, abstract ={Introduction: Genetically presence or absence of one series of carbohydrate molecules (as an agglutinogen) on the red blood cells membranes are determine ABO blood group systems. Studies showed that ABO blood groups are involved in pathogenesis of one human disorders set such as cardiovascular diseases. Thus, in this study, the prevalence rates of cardiovascular diseases were assessed in ABO blood groups. Methods and Materials: The present study was performed among 3859 patients who underwent cardio-surgery treatments. The main treatments included coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), mitral and aortic valve replacement (MVR&AVR), atrium septum diseases and ventricle septum diseases (ASD&VSD), pericarditis and aortic arch replacement. Results: The results showed that the prevalence rate of CABG, MVR&AVR, ASD&VSD diseases are significantly higher in AB and B Iranian blood groups than A and O blood groups. On the other hand, the prevalence of pericarditis is high in O blood groups and these described abnormalities were not seen in O RH negative blood groups.}, Keywords = {Key words: Cardiovascular diseases, ABO blood groups, Prevalence}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {6-11}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-81-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-81-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Zakariaee, Seyed Salman and Saba, Valiallah}, title = {A Mathematical Head Phantom for Dosimetry Measurements by Monte Carlo Method}, abstract ={Introduction: In diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, dosimetric studies are performed on the dosimetric systems in order to comply the radiation safety standards. Monte Carlo methods are used due to the high complexity and cost of patient-specific phantom construction. The high complexity of the digitized phantoms greatly increases the time and computational task of the Monte Carlo calculation. In many studies, all of the defined components and high precision of the voxelized phantom are not necessary and the study objectives could be achieved by a simple digital phantom modeling. In this study, an anatomic-based human head phantom was modeled considering the importance of the digitized phantoms for Monte Carlo dosimetry measurements. Methods and Materials: In this study, the anthropomorphic head phantom was simulated using MCNPx (version 2.4.0). The proposed head phantom consist of the skull, brain, eyes, eye lens, facial bones, neck and skin that are modeled based on the atomic compositions and density magnitudes reported by ICRU report No. 44 and the national institute of standards and technology (NIST) reports. Results: The visual and structural characteristics of the modeled head phantom in different cross-sectional views were evaluated by two scientific experts. For modeled phantom, integrity and compliance of the structural features with the actual human head were confirmed by the experts.Simulated phantom is flexible and upgradeable. According to study objectives, other tissues including tumors, the specific tissue of interest, and etc. could be added to the model. Discussion and Conclusion: Pre-clinical dosimetric studies including the determination of dose to organ at risks in the diagnostic and therapeutic situations as well as the effect of shielding methods and imaging geometries in the image quality could be evaluated using the modeled phantom.}, Keywords = {Digitized phantom, Monte Carlo dosimetry, Mathematical head phantom, Anthropomorphic phantom}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {12-20}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-87-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-87-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Gorgani-Firuzjaee, Sattar}, title = {Effect of Resveratrol Treatment on Renal Function in Pyelonephritic Rats}, abstract ={Introduction: Urinary tract infections are common causes of outpatient referrals to medical centers. Acute pyelonephritis is often treated by injectable antibiotics. Side effects, especially resistance to antibiotics, considered the use of non-antibiotic compounds. Resveratrol, which is found in grapes, is a powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial as well. In this study, the effect of resveratrol was evaluated on renal function in pyelonephritis rats. Methods and Materials: Pyelonephritis was induced by direct injection and surgical method ATCC25922 strain of E. Coli to the right kidney in 20 male Wistar rats. Induced urinary tract infection confirmed by urine culture. In addition, after 72 hours induction of pyelonephritis, rats treated with resveratrol (10 mg/kg) and ceftriaxone via intraperitoneal injection for a week. After 6 weeks, plasma markers of renal functions such as urea, creatinine, and cystatin C determined by Hitachi biochemistry auto-analyzer. Results: Urea, creatinine, and cystatin C significantly increased in pyelonephritis which show the impaired renal function (P<0.001). Resveratrol treatment almost neutralizes and reduces the effects of pyelonephritis and the plasma markers effectively. Resveratrol and Ceftriaxone combination therapy probably via synergistic effects improved renal function more fectively (P<0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that resveratrol improved renal function of pyelonephritis rats. This study provides evidence that indicate an equal protective role of Resveratrol and ceftriaxone against pyelonephritis that induced kidney damages.}, Keywords = {Pyelonephritis, Resveratrol and renal function}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {21-27}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-88-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-88-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {NorooziAghide, Ali and SoleimaniSamarkhazan, Hamed and Ahmadnezhad, Moharam}, title = {Effect of Harmine Alkaloid on the Expression of P16 and DAPK in HL60 Leukemia Cell Line}, abstract ={Introduction: Epigenetic changes such as promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) is one of the most important mechanisms involved in the development of hematologic malignancies. Harmine is one of the Harmal-derived alkaloids with anti-proliferatory effects on leukemia cell lines. Since P16 and DAPK genes are hypermethylated in some hematologic malignancies, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of Harmine on the expression of these two genes in HL60 Leukemia cell line to take steps towards clarifying the mechanism of it’s anti-proliferatory effect. Methods and Materials: HL60 cells were seeded into 96 well plates containing RPMI medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% penicillin or streptomycin, and then incubated at 37°C in a humid environment at 5% CO2. Cell count and viability were determined after 24, 48, and 72 hours in the presence of Harmine and 5-azacytidine. Gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative real time PCR. Finally, statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software. Results: Based on the results, Harmine suppresses cell proliferation in all concentrations. Comparing the control group, Harmine at 25.6 µg/ml and 102.4 µg/ml concentrations reduces cell proliferation to 50 and 78 percent at 72 hours, respectively (P<0.001). The results demonstrate that Harmine at 102.4 µg/ml concentration significantly upregulates DAPK expression (P<0.005). However, its effect was not significant on p16 expression (P>0.05). Discussin and Conclusion: The results indicate that Harmine have inhibitory effect on HL60 leukemia cell line in a dose and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, Harmine can induce DAPK upregulation that might be related to DAPK gene hypomethylation. Further comprehensive and elucidative investigations are needed for better understanding of the Harmine effect on leukemic cells.}, Keywords = {HL60, Harmine, P16, DAPK}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {28-33}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Banaei, Amin and Bijari, Salar}, title = {Radiation Protection of Patients in Cardiac CT Angiography}, abstract ={Introduction: Cardiac CT (Computed Tomography) angiography applies as a pre-exam method for evaluating the patients with medical problems in their cardiac arteries. Due to the high delivered dose in this imaging method, dose reduction techniques and imaging strategies that serve the images quality with minimum patient dose are the subjects for investigation and research studies. This study will evaluate and discuss the clinical aspects and dose reduction techniques in cardiac CT angiography briefly. Methods and Materials: This research is theoretical and analytical method that was performed by searching “cardiac CT angiography, radiation protection, and patient’s dose reduction methods” key words in the Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus web sites in terms of content (Content Analysis). This article was written based on the 10 chosen articles which were found after the research in the internet web sites. Results: Various applied techniques like tube current control using ECG (electrocardiogram), X-ray tube voltage reduction, scan sequence changing methods, greater detector coverage and working modes with higher pitches are available in cardiac CT angiography for reduction in the delivered dose to the patients. Discussion and Conclusion: Several applied strategies are available for dose reduction in cardiac CT angiography in daily applications. Most of these dose reduction strategie which are useful in many patients can be used in most of the clinical cases. Nowadays, many of techniques using dose saving algorithms were presented commercially. It is very essential and important to adapt the scan protocol with any possible dose reduction strategy for every patient as mentioned in the American heart institute scientific meeting in 2008. Combination of several dose saving algorithms are usually feasible and cause to more effective dose reduction in cardiac CT angiography.}, Keywords = {Cardiac CT Angiography, Radiation Protection, Dose Reduction Methods}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {34-42}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-90-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-90-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Tahamtan, Alireza and Charostad, Javad and HoseiniShokouh, Seyyed Javad and Barati, Mohamm}, title = {An Overview of Different Types of Immune Stimulating Adjuvants and Their Application}, abstract ={Introduction: Nowadays, vaccination is one of the most important methods for prevention and protection against infectious diseases and malignancies. Since the purpose of vaccination is strong and long term induction of immune response against pathogen, the usage of adjuvants that can boost the immune responses seems necessary. Methods and Materials: This paper is a review article obtained by searching in related articles in reliable sites and books in this regard. Results: In twentieth century, many immune system adjuvants have been discovered and largely used as an immune response booster to protect against diseases. Today, different types of adjuvants are provided with different characteristics for specific purposes. In recent years, extensive researches have been performed to provide and develop a variety of adjuvants with better quality and effectiveness. Discussion and Conclusion: Few adjuvants have been licensed for using in human vaccines and the other adjuvants are evaluating in various stages of clinical trials or laboratory investigations. Given that the adjuvants are important part of vaccine development, we discuss the different type of them and their application in this review.}, Keywords = {Adjuvants, Adjuvants application, Vaccine, Immune response induction}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {43-51}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-91-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-91-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Moghadamfar, Mehran and Gorgani-Firuzjaee, Sattar}, title = {Exercise hormone (Irisin)}, abstract ={Introduction: Almost 15% of world populations suffer from obesity. Obesity and insulin resistance are the key pathogenesis risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. Exercise training can accelerate metabolism and help to prevent the obesity and diabetes through induction of Irisin and triggers conversion of white adipose tissue to brown adipose tissue. Methods and Materials: This review article has been performed by searching the Irisin, FN DC5, obesity and insulin resistance keywords in various databases such as SID, Google scholar, Magiran and Pubmed websites. Results: The exercise increases the production of PGC-1α in the muscle. Previous studies demonstrated that PGC-1α up-regulates the production of FNDC5, which cleave and secrete an Irisin into blood circulation. Irisin (exercise hormone) is responsible for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) induction, which plays an important role through increasing heat generation and mitochondrial membrane induction of UCP1, increase heat generation via metabolism. Discussion and Conclusion: Elevated Irisin production alleviate the obesity, glucose tolerance, and decreases insulin resistance. Although exercise increase Irisin and it increases brown adipocyte, it is unclear that why weight reduction cannot be seen with exercise. Bostrom et al., as research pioneers about Irisin, confirm a positive effect of Irisin on obesity and insulin resistance by inducing the group of mice to obesity, diabetes, and injecting FNDC5 to them.}, Keywords = {Irisin, FNDC5, Obesity, Insulin resistance}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {52-57}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-75-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-75-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mirdoraghi, Mohammad and FatahiAsl, Jafar and FatahiAsl, Jav}, title = {Evaluation of Radiation Protection Condition in Educational Hospital Radiological Centers of Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Ionizing radiations are one of the harmful factors in workplaces, so this study aimed to determine the radiation protection condition in radiology centers in educational hospitals of Ahwaz University of medical sciences. Methods and Materials: This research was a cross-sectional study that was performed among 25 active radiology rooms in 2013. First, an expert visits the radiology centers. Second, dosimetery was performed with Gaiger-Moler–DGM-1500 dosimeter. Finally the related standard checklist was completed. The checklist included general constructions and protective equipment’s conditions. In addition, the status of ray room, darkroom, and control room were monitored. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19. Results: 96% of these centers had an appropriate ray room and dark room. 64% of them had favorable store. From The viewpoint of environmental health parameters, all centers had desirable sewage collection and water piping. Only 68% of centers performed quality control of their equipment and 94% of them had several protective equipment for patients. Staffs protection against radiation was desirable in all of the centers. Discussion and Conclusion: Due to the lack of adequate and accurate expert monitoring, quality control of equipment and patient’s protection was not appropriate.}, Keywords = {Radiation protection, Radiology, X Radiation}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {1-8}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Arsin, Narges and Darvish, Hasan and EsmailZali, Morad and Namani, Faroogh}, title = {The Study of Occupational Exhaustion in Working Women (Study Cases: Women Occupied in Jahad-e-Daneshgahy of Tehran University of Medical Sciences)}, abstract ={Introduction: One of the aspects which impress the quantity and quality of service providing by the organization staffs is the staff’s occupational exhaustion syndrome. Based on many researchers opinion, occupational exhaustion is a significant issue for employees and these employees have been known to be a talented class for this syndrome. Therefore, this study attempts to deal with the different aspects of occupational exhaustion among women. Methods and Materials: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study performed on the women working as employees in “Jahad-e-daneshgahi of Tehran University of Medical Sciences” in 2016. 55 women staffs were participated in the current study and an occupational exhaustion questionnaire was used as an instrument. Additionally, data collected were analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results: Most of the participants had Bachelor or higher degrees. Their ages were between 31 to 40 years old. The maximum number of occupational burnout from the aspect of individual performance deterioration was 45.4 percent. Moreover, the maximum intensity of occupational exhaustion from the aspect of individual performance deterioration was 47.2 %. Discussion and Conclusion: The analysis of our findings indicates that most of our samples were in the highest level of occupational exhaustion in the field of individual performance decay both in the intensity and numbers. The significant prevalence of occupational exhaustion in the field of individual performance deterioration needs some interventions and special attentions such as organizational intervention for e.g. team work persuasion, involving the staff in decision making and job security.}, Keywords = {Occupational exhaustion, Working women health, Jahad Daneshgahi, Tehran university of medical sciences}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {9-16}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-84-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-84-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Bijari, Salar and Banaei, Amin and Rezaei-Joo, Masou}, title = {Evaluation of Patients Doses Undergoing Orthopedic Surgeries Using Monte Carlo Simulations and Experimental Measurements}, abstract ={Introduction: The use of ionizing radiation in diagnosis and treatment of diseases has become inevitable in most medical branches. One of the important sections in medicine is orthopedic surgery room, which also serves to operate many of bone injuries. The aim of this study was to measure the delivered doses to the patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries in common and high usage radiographic imaging techniques. Methods and Materials: In this study, delivered doses to 81 patients (58% male, 42% female) underwent four orthopedic radiography examinations including intramedullary nailing (IMN), intertrochanteric/peritrochanteric (IP), Dynamic Hip Screw(DHS) and Dynamic Cannula Screw(DCS) was estimated at a general hospital in Tehran, using indirect measurements and Monte Carlo simulations base on the peak kilo-voltage, electrical current (mA), time of the irradiation (sec), exposure angle, imaging region and size of the patients. Results: The average effective dose measured for IMN, IP, DHS and DCS examinations were estimated equal to 0/95, 1/31, 2/22, 0/95 (mSv ) respectively. The mentioned values were calculated just for one radiography procedure, although in real orthopedic surgical operations, the number of radiographies can differ from 5 to 20 with respect to the physician and radiation technician proficiency, method of the operation and type of the injuries. So the delivered effective dose to patients can have much higher values than mentioned above.   Discussion and Conclusion: The patients delivered dose had great variations between different patients and techniques, because it depends on many factors including the type of medical imaging systems, examination complexity, region of imaging, physician and technician skills and patient weight. It is possible to reduce patients’ effective dose by using small field of views, appropriate potential difference, time of irradiation and electrical current. There is still a need for personnel training and national guidance for optimizing the patients’ doses.}, Keywords = {Effective dose, Entrance Skin Dose, Orthopedic surgical operation, Radiography}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {17-22}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Tabeshian, Amir}, title = {Evaluation of Health Education on Awareness, Attitude and Operation of Najafabad Health Care staffs on the Prevention of Hepatitis B}, abstract ={Introduction: Hepatitis B is an acute general infective disease which often damages the liver and caused by hepatitis B virus. The rate of chronic carriers was more than 200 million in 1990. Currently, about two billion individuals have previously come across with this virus and about 35 million individuals are chronic carriers in all over the world. The prevalence is closed to universal statistics in our country. Iran has an average prevalence among the other countries. In another word, its prevalence is 5-1.5%. Since one of the transference routes of this disease is touching infected secretions, health care centers staffs are considered as a vulnerable group. Due to the staffs role in training people of the society, primary prevention is necessary for them more than the others. Methods and Materials: The present study is a semi-experimental research consisting of four variables including education, awareness, attitude and operation. The participants were60 staffs of Najafabad Health Care Centers. Data were obtained by a questionnaire and a checklist filled before and after conducting the educational program to investigate research variables as well as evaluating educational programs. Results: Findings indicated that the level of awareness was 44% before the education which subsequently raised to 50% after education. Positive attitude increased from 49% to 55%; moreover, favorable operation increased from 57% to 78%. Generally there is a significant difference among the means of awareness, attitude and favorable operation before and after the education. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that the education program can enhance awareness, attitude, and operation levels of the participants. Health care centers staffs and health care practitioners are the leading line of health education in both rural and urban areas of society. In addition, training their clients and people are one of their crucial roles. Thus, it is suggested to hold educational courses for them in the form of organized continuous courses.}, Keywords = {Health education, Awareness, Attitude, Operation, Hepatitis B}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {23-29}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-85-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-85-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Soltani, Nadia and PashmForoosh, Bita and Khalili, Masou}, title = {Comparative Study of Medical Students Learning Styles in AJA University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={Introduction: Learning and improving are the basis of all educational institutions activities. One of the most effective factors in students learning is their learning styles. Knowledge about learners styles can help teachers to adjust their teaching methods with students and improve the educational outcome. The present study aimed to investigate medical students learning styles in AJA university of Medical Sciences. Methods and Materials: This descriptive study was performed in AJA University of Medical Sciences during the academic year of 2014-2015. 170 Medical students were selected through random sampling technique. VARK learning styles questionnaire was used as the research tool. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: There were significant differences among medical students learning styles. Kinesthetic learning style was the most preferable one among the students. In addition, testretest reliability of the questionnaire was estimated 0.87. Discussion and Conclusion: There is a little attention to the kinesthetic learners in common teaching styles. Therefore, it is necessary to change the traditional methods of teaching to improve the quality of education in this field.}, Keywords = {Learning styles, VARK inventory, Medical students}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {30-34}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-98-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-98-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Barati, Mohammad and Abdoli, Amir and Pirestani, Majid and Dailami, Abdolhossei}, title = {The Role of Maternal Exposure to Infectious Agents in the Etiology of Schizophrenia in Adult Offspring}, abstract ={Introduction: Schizophrenia is one of the most important neuropsychiatric diseases with unknown etiology that affects approximately 1% of people worldwide. Moreover, environmental factors and infections that occur during pregnancy and at the beginning of birth are important risk factors for schizophrenia. Methods and Material: The present study is a review article that is obtained by searching the databases and relevant books in this field. Results: Infectious agents are able to interfere the period of pregnancy and induce serious damages to fetus and placenta. Immune responses to infections have some effects on the fetus and placenta. It is able to interfere developing of the fetus central nervous system. These conditions may be playing a role in the etiology of various psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. Discussion and Conclusion: The role of influenza, rubella, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Toxoplasma gondii has already been suggested in the etiology of schizophrenia. Recently, the role of maternal infections has been postulated in the etiology of schizophrenia.}, Keywords = {Maternal infections, Schizophrenia, Influenza, Rubella, Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), Toxoplasma gondii}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {35-40}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-100-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-100-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Emaeilzadeh, Fatemeh and Soleimani, Mohamm}, title = {New Developments in the Use of Bacteriophages in the Treatment of Bacterial Infections}, abstract ={Introduction: Resistance increase to a variety of antibiotics has caused microbiology researchers to develop new ways instead of the conventional treatment methods for preventing bacterial infections. Nowadays, Phages or bacterial contaminant particles are using as an efficient method in the treatment of many infectious diseases. The uses of live bacteriophages in the treatment of fatal diseases, that caused by Gram positive and negative bacteria, have been mentioned in various reports. Modern methods of genetic engineering improve the efficiency of phages in treatment of bacterial infections. Using these methods are one of the most important aspects of phase therapy for the prevention of bacterial infections. Phages were capable of destroying the cell wall of bacteria by producing lysosomal enzymes. Moreover, they can be used to reduce the rate of growth of bacterial infections. Methods and Materials: This review article is a content analysis study that has been performed by searching phage therapy and antibiotic resistance in the related articles in reliable sites and books in this regard. Results: The use of bacteriophage, as new method to limit the growth of bacteria, cause infectious diseases that create new perspectives in the development of new drugs to reduce the bacterial infections. Discussion and Conclusion: Although, the use of phages, as new drugs in restricting the growth of bacterial infections, has high priority and importance, it seems to need more research in this area. In addition, more developed techniques should be done to evaluate and design new phages.}, Keywords = {Antibiotic resistance, Phage therapy, Bacterial diseases}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {41-49}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Sabet, Benyamin and Salkhordeh, Hesam and HedayatiKhalil, Milad and Mahboobi, Mahtab and Babajani, Saee}, title = {A Review of the Ginger Products Use in Reducing Pregnancy Nausea and Vomiting}, abstract ={Introduction: Gastrointestinal problems are the most common complaint of pregnancy that often occur with nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting are common problems in the first half of pregnancy. Symptoms usually begin after the first and second forgotten periods and continue until 14-16weeks. Sometimes, vomiting is severe enough to cause weight loss, dehydration, acidosis of starvation, alkalosis of acidhydrochloric disposal in Vomiting and hypokalemia. Moreover, transient impairment of liver function can be created in some women and even made the hospitalization of them in severe cases. These complications can have adverse effects on both mothers and fetus; therefore, the appropriate treatment of nausea and vomiting is important for women in pregnancy. One of the treatments is the use of herbs that does not have concerns of synthetic and chemical drug. Many researches indicate that ginger has good effects on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. This article aimed to review the research about the effects of ginger products on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Methods and Materials: This research is a review article that has been performed by searching keywords in various data bases such as Science direct, Google scholar, Pubmed and SID. Results: The results suggest that ginger, its active ingredient, and other compounds of this plant have various pharmacological effects including anti-nausea and vomiting especially during pregnancy. Discussion and Conclusion: Using various ginger forms such as biscuit and capsule reduce nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Additionally, it can be used as a convenient method of reducing these symptoms. However, there is a need to study about determining suitable doses, maternal and fetal complications of using ginger in the period of pregnancy.}, Keywords = {Ginger, Nausea and vomiting, Pregnancy}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {50-56}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-82-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-82-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2016} }