1 2423-7507 AJA university of medical sciences 40 article abstracts Introducing a new conformal Mono-Isocentric technique in the chest wall external radiotherapy for the mastectomy patients Banaei Amin b Hashemi malayeri Bijan Bakhshandeh Mohsen Mirzaei Hamidreza b Tarbiat Modares University 1 6 2015 10 1 1 8 09 01 2016 09 01 2016 Introduction and purpose: The aim of this study is introducing a new Mono-Isocentric Technique)MIT) for external  radiotherapy of the chest wall in the mastectomy patients with 6MV photon beams and comparing this technique with the Dual-Isocentric Technique(DIT). Materials and methods: Data of 18 mastectomy patients having chest wall radiotherapy were used. The target tissue was divided into nine regions with 17 points as the appropriate candidates to find the appropriate dose calculation reference point for the MIT. Dose calculations were made for each patient based on the MIT and DIT to determine the dose distributions of the target volume and organs at risk after finding the dose calculation reference point. Findings: The lateral component of the dose calculation reference point was found to be located at one-third of the distance between the geometrical center and the lateral border of the chest wall in the lateral direction toward the outer border. The longitudinal component of this point was found to be located at the geometrical center of the chest wall with a depth located around 2–3 cm under the patients’ skin. There was no significant difference between the two radiotherapy planning techniques regarding the dose distri­butions in the organs at risk and the 95% of the prescribed dose coverage of the target tissue. However, a significant difference for the 105% of the prescribed dose coverage, maximum dose delivered to the target tissue was found, with the DIT showing higher values Discussion and conclusion: Because of the good matching and no superposition observed between the treatment fields in the MIT, it was expected and confirmed that the regions with higher and lower doses than the prescribed dose with the MIT are significantly fewer than that of the DIT. Therefore, to perform a better conformal radiotherapy for the patients having mastectomy, it could be recommended to use the MIT instead of the DIT and other conventional techniques.
41 article abstracts An overview and mapping of Anopheles in Iran Barati Mohammad Khoshdel Alireza Sedaghat Mohammad mehdi Salahi-Moghaddam Abdorreza 1 6 2015 10 1 9 16 09 01 2016 09 01 2016 Introduction:Mapping distribution of endemic diseases with their relations to geographical factors has become important for public health experts, especially in the study of vector-born protozoan diseases with emphasis on spatial or geographical epidemiology. This study was carried out to provide distribution maps of the geographical pathology vectors of Malaria in Iran.  Methods: A systematic literature review was preformed and the data and/or metadata were used for evaluation of findings. All available articles and books were used for mapping vectors. Scientific names of vectors with collection details were arranged as a shapefile in ArcGIS software and were mapped. Results: About 30 different Anopheles species are found in Iran. Seven maps provided for the main vectors in the country including Anopheles culicifacies, An. fluviatilis, An. stephensi, An. dthali, An. sacharovi, An. maculipennis and An. superpictus. Distributional maps of Malaria had compatibility with distributional maps of main vectors.  Discussion: There are similarities between malaria transmission conditions in Iran and many tropical and subtropical countries. Such information on vectors, incidence of all cases and environmental factors can be used to set a Malaria Early Warning System and help to prevent and control of malaria 42 article abstracts Estimation of Age Standardized Ratio of Lung Cancer in Iran in 2014 and 2030 Saba Valiallah 1 6 2015 10 1 17 23 09 01 2016 09 01 2016 Introduction: lung cancer is the most deadly and the most expensive cancer all around the world. Limited studies have been conducted in the survey of incidence rate for lung cancer in IRAN. National report of cancer registry in IRAN (report 2008) indicates that mean value of ASR of lung cancer is 5.23 for men and women (7.09 for men and 3.38 for women). These values are so different from the values of Globocan 2008 report which indicates that mean value of lung cancer ASR for men and women is 23.6 (33.8 for men and 13.5 for women ). The authors of report 2008 in IRAN have declared that the calculated ASR for lung cancers is abnormal and unexpected. Another study has been done in Golestan province and its results have been published in IARC. In this study, the mean ASR of lung cancer has been reported equal to 11.55 (17.5 for men and 5.6 for women). The actual value of lung cancer ASR is so controversial in IRAN in this study we estimated the value of ASR considering the main risk factors and using a linear mathematical model. Materials and methods: a comprehensive study on lung cancer’s statistics was conducted in three countries of America, England, and Turkey in the last 15 years. Statistics were extracted on the number of smokers and the percentage of the elderly (the most important risk factors for lung cancer) and ASR of lung cancer of these countries. Then by interpolating data of the three countries, a model was extracted for estimating the lung cancer of IRAN. Findings: The output of the model (analysis mode1) shows that the rate of lung cancer ASR is equal to 9.7 and 27 in 2014 and 2030 respectively. In another estimate (analysis mode2) given that Turkey is a country neighboring Iran, America and Britain, the two countries have been removed from the calculation and the only Turkish statistics were used for interpolation and approximation of lung cancer ASR. In this mode, ASR of the country was estimate 12 and 33.9 in 2014 and 2030 respectively. Based on the analysis mode1, the number of new lung cancer cases is estimated 8000 and 28890 individuals in 2014 and 2030 respectively. Based on the analysis mode2, the number of new lung cancer cases is estimated 9600 and 36380 individuals in 2014 and 2030 respectively. Discussion and conclusion: The above estimations indicate that the lung cancer will be the most deadly and the most common cancer in the country in close future. Whereas, that smoking does not increase in the coming years, in the case of increasing in smoking, the situation will become more critical and complex. Our study indicates that we will have a serious challenge in our country in close future about lung cancer. To control and manage this problem, lung cancer screening with LDCT is an emergency program that should be planned, tested and implemented. 43 article abstracts The Survey on the Vulnerability of Military Hospitals in Crisis Situation and War and Offer Suitable Solutions and Mission in These Situations in the Second Semester of 1391 Sadeghi Mojtaba Gholamhoseini Leila Esmaeel Zali Morad Mehrabi Nahid Nejati Bairam 1 6 2015 10 1 24 30 09 01 2016 09 01 2016 Introduction and purpose: Crisis is an environmental and sudden phenomenon and it is so severe that it requires the assistance of local out of the crisis for the accountability and the management. The hospital is one of the most important components of health and treatment collection and its performance in accordance with a set of other factors led to the health care of the community. During the crisis, for the importance of early treatment, the role of the hospital is twice. Health centers, as the main organizations involved in disasters, require a program to deal with events. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive method of functional analysis has been used for the present study. A sample taken from the population of military hospitals consisted of five hospitals moreover, the data collection instruments included questionnaire and checklist and the data were collected through observation and question and answer. Results: Generally, all the hospitals were considered the places for increasing the capacity of victims of the crisis. Some of these places had the facilities while the others lacked. The only hazard that all the hospitals have considered the possibility of its occurrence was the overloaded hospital caused by war, accident, or natural disasters such as earthquake. Also, earthquake has been known as the most likely hazards than the others by all the hospitals in Tehran. In the functional safety assessment, the total average of the area was 69/9% and it is equivalent to the medium. Based on the findings, two hospitals had a good rating, two hospitals had an average rating, and one of them was rated poor. In the non-structural safety assessment, the total average was 65% and it is equivalent to medium. According to the findings, four hospitals had the average rating and one had the near poor rating. Discussion and conclusion: Based on the results of the T-test, there were significant differences between the mean percent of hospitals in both fields of functional safety and non-structural safety (p=0/047). The average of functional safety area was higher than non-structural safety area. The reason may be the low cost of this area in comparison with non-structural area. There were no significant differences between these two areas. All in all, the results of the present study suggest that although the hospital in having the unit of crisis management and developing the theoretical foundations were rather suitable, the situation was not suitable in education, assessment, communication with other hospitals and organization, and hardware. 44 article abstracts Changes in Gene Expression SHIP2 (SHIP2 Domain Containing Inositol 5-Phosphatase) with the Use of HepG2 Liver Cell Retroviruses Gorgani Firoozjaei Sattar Meshkani Reza 1 6 2015 10 1 31 38 09 01 2016 09 01 2016 Introduction: Dyslypydmy is one of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in diabetics. Dyslypydmy is diagnosed by increasing in plasma triglyceride density, decreasing HDL Cholesterol, and increasing LDL especially small LDL. Several evidences from human and animal studies indicate that the role of insulin resistance is a major cause of hypertrigly ceridemia in diabetics and people with metabolic syndrome, respectively. Hepatic lipogenesis and the production of rich lipoproteins from triglyceride are set by the inositol phosphatidylinositol kinase (PI3K). However, the negative regulator of route SHIP2 is not well defined in this process (hepatic lipogenesis). Materials and Methods: In this study, the gene expression SHIP2 has been modified by the retroviruses system and the function of intracellular insulin signaling has been studied. Findings: The results show that increasing in expression SHIP2 is lead to decreasing in AKT phosphorylation as one of the mediators of insulin signaling in addition, reducing performance of SHIP2 increase the AKT phosphorylation and improves the intracellular insulin signaling in the liver cells Hep G2. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the key role AKT phosphorylation in glucose metabolism and lipid, cell models produced can be used in the studies of metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins. 45 article abstracts Evaluation of Data Mining Applications in the Health System Gholamhosseini Leila Damroodi Mostafa 1 6 2015 10 1 39 48 09 01 2016 09 01 2016 Introduction: Extensive amounts of data stored in medical databases require the development of specialized tools for accessing the data, data analysis, knowledge discovery, and the effective use of the data. Data mining is one of the most important methods. The article sketches the used Data Mining techniques, and illustrates their applicability to medical diagnostic and prognostic problems. Materials and Methods: The current study were searched English and Persian databases including Magiran, Iranmedex, SID, Google Scholar, OVID, Scopus, and PubMed by using keywords such as “Data Mining”, “Knowledge Discovery” and “Health”. Related articles were published and assessed during 1998-2013. Findings: Data mining is a science that is searched automatically in the large amount of data for finding models and association rules in them where other statistical analysis cannot do that. The medical science is one of sciences that need to use of these tools for analyzing the large amount of data and creating predictive model with the new computation ways. In medical sciences, discovery and early diagnosis of the diseases can restrict the fatal diseases such as cancer and they save a people’s life. This research is shown that the data mining prediction provide necessary tools for the researcher and the physician to improve in the prevention of disease, diagnosis ways and their treatment programs. Discussion and Conclusion: Nowadays, in the medical sciences, data collection of different diseases is very important. Recent development related to information technology & software has helped to have the better survey from producing massive data and could search the hidden knowledge in the data and create a new science by using different sciences including statistics, computers, and machine learning, and etc. 46 article abstracts Providing Cell Scaffold Mode of Gelatin_ Chitosan: A Practical Model for Tissue Engineering Karami Jooyani Afsane Taghizade Mahdiye Riyahi Simin 1 6 2015 10 1 49 54 09 01 2016 09 01 2016 Aim and Background: Gelatin and Chitosan are known as bio-polymers of biocompatible and biodegradable. These bio-polymers are highly regarded in tissue engineering recently. Methods and Materials: This is a review article that searched the reliable internet sources to evaluate the identification and application of polymer scaffolds in various fields of medicine. Discussion and Conclusion: Biopolymers, such as Gelatin_ Chitosan, can be used as an appropriate model of a biodegradable scaffold in tissue engineering and cell therapy. 47 article abstracts Value and Status of Professional Morality in the Providing Nursing Services Gholamhosseini Leila Hanafiye Moghadas Mohammad Vandaee Omidali 1 6 2015 10 1 55 62 09 01 2016 09 01 2016 Introduction and Purpose: Each occupation who deals directly with the clients needs the morality. Although morality is essential in all occupations, this factor is more necessary in the nursing profession. Moral behavior and responsibility of the nurses with the patients play an important role in improving and returning their health therefore, the nursing profession is based on morality. In the other words, nursing morality is defined as a set of nurses’ behavioral manifestation in the course of their professional activity that should be transfigure the individual communications in relation to the patient, patient’s relatives, society, colleagues, and etc. Methods and Materials: The present study is the outcome of the review study that has been done based on the data collected from regular searches of website including Google Scholar, Magiran, SID, the published researches related to the topic, and the library studies. Findings: The nursing morality can be divided into both professional morality and human or Islamic morality. Regarding the moral criteria in nursing activities is more sensitive and more important than the other care cases. The inherent nature of nursing respect human rights, including cultural rights, the right to life, dignity and respectful behavior. Nurses as a large group of professionals in the field of medical sciences and in collaboration with other staff are required a clear path in order to provide services to the patients with serenity. Discussion and Conclusion: Investment in the moral competence of the nurses is a way to improve the quality of nursing services. Therefore, the development of moral nursing is not a minor or second handed action, but it is a necessity for professional upgrading and improving services. However, the development of nursing morality occurs better when it is institutionalized. Because the moral decision making in real term is only possible by knowing and understanding the moral implications and values.