AJA university of medical sciences
Paramedical Sciences and Military Health
2423-7507
2538-3086
11
1
2016
6
1
Estimating the Cost Effectiveness of Lung Cancer Screening with Low-dose Computed Tomography Considering Early Detection Rate in Iran
1
7
FA
Valiallah
Saba
AJA University of Medical Sciences
vsaba@aut.ac.ir
Y
Introduction: Lung cancer is the most common and most deadly cancer in most of countries of the world. One of the most significant problems with this cancer is the lack of accurate and specific statistics about the prevalence and mortality rate in Iran. Results of cancer registry program in 2008 in Iran indicated a low incidence rate of lung cancer. However, these statistics were wrong and far from the reality. Several other studies have been done in Iran demonstrating high incidence rates of lung cancer. On the recent recommendation of international organizations such as, the American Cancer Society (ACS), the American College of Radiology ACR, and the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer IASLC in 2013, the most effective method for the prevention of mortality due to lung cancer is the annual screening of high risk people with low dose computed tomography (LDCT). The cost effectiveness of this program should be evaluated before the implementation of it in the country.
Methods and Materials: The most important benefit of implementing screening is the increase of lung cancers early detection rate. This is the main basis for calculating the cost effectiveness in different countries. The cost effectiveness of the project has been estimated by using the data in the country and basing on the results of an important project carried out in America and Netherlands (the international NLST project in America and the international NELSON project in Netherland). In addition, the early detection rate was estimated and compared with others.
Results: Our analysis indicates that the implementation of screening will increase the early detection rate about 500% in the country. However, the early detection rate has been increased about 200% in NLST project. Thus, it is estimated that the implementation of this program will have more efficiency in Iran than American and European countries.
Discussion and Conclusion: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in Iran; moreover, screening this cancer can rescue the thousands lives of our compatriots annually. Unfortunately, there are no plans to implement and enforce the screening in the country. It seems a incorrect statistics announced by the national cancer registry center in 2008 that showed the low incidence rate of this cancer is the basis for relevant authorities’ decision making. High cigarette consumption, air pollution in metropolis, and the mean age of the elderly are all the alarm for raising this cancer in the country. Screening the lung cancer with low dose CT imaging is considered as the most effective way to control and prevent deaths from this cancer in the country, so it should be paid serious attention by the relevant authorities.
Lung cancer, Cost effectiveness, Cancer screening, Low-dose computed tomography
http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.html
http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.pdf
AJA university of medical sciences
Paramedical Sciences and Military Health
2423-7507
2538-3086
11
1
2016
6
1
The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Air Guard Forces of Iran Army
8
16
FA
Reza
Maleki
AJA University of Medical Sciences
N
Mostafa
Mostafazadeh
AJA University of Medical Sciences
N
Hossein
Nazari Sharif
Gilan University
N
Soheil
Rahim Nejad
Clinic air guard of AJA
N
Sattar
Gorgani-Firuzjaee
AJA University of Medical Sciences
Y
Introduction: By progression of sedentary life style in societies, increased obesity related metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and diabetes. Metabolic syndrome as a precursor of other chronic diseases targeted for special consideration as a worldwide public health challenge. Metabolic syndrome accompanied with a collection of risk factors like abdominal obesity, glucose, triglycerides levels, blood pressure and HDL deficiency. Etiology of metabolic syndrome is a complex and that is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Due to lack of studies on military personnel, this study, investigated prevalence of metabolic syndrome in four age group among air guard personnel.
Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015. During the study, Fasting glucose levels, blood lipids, weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured between 1, 000 air guard officers that referred to annual health monitoring program. Then, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was assayed with two International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) criteria.
Results: The data show that12 participants (1.2%) were under high blood pressure, and 56 (6/5%) were at risk for high blood pressure. Due to High levels of body mass index and waist circumference, 5 (0.5%) of officers were at risk of diabetes. Abnormal triglycerides and cholesterol were measured in 411 (41.1%) and 100 (10%) participants respectively. Serum HDL levels, body mass index and waist circumference was determined, and the results show that in 110 cases (11%) and 29 (9/2%) 110 (11%) respectively positive to metabolic syndrome risk. Finally, according to IDF criteria, 44 patients (4.4%) and ATPIII criteria, 32 cases (3.2 %) were identified as metabolic syndrome
Discussion and Conclusion: Despite the relatively high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our country, The results show that incidence of metabolic syndrome risk factors among the officers of air guard is in low levels which may related to, military lifestyle. Due to the link between metabolic syndrome and other complications, the three golden orders: increased physical activity, weight control, and diet are suggested for prevention. A comprehensive program to train susceptible cases and treatment strategies is recommended.
Metabolic syndrom, Triglycerid, Diabet, Obesity
http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.html
http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.pdf
AJA university of medical sciences
Paramedical Sciences and Military Health
2423-7507
2538-3086
11
1
2016
6
1
Epidemiology of Brucellosis in the North and North-West Iran
17
23
FA
Reza
Pakzad
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
N
Mohammad
Barati
AJA University of Medical Sciences
N
Jala
Moludi
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
N
Hadis
Barati
Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
N
Iraj
Pakzad
Ilam University of Medical Sciences
pakzadi2006@gmail.com
Y
Introduction: Brucellosis is a disease that causes health problems and enormous economic problems.Given that the provinces of the north and northwest part of the country are with high prevalence, A Study was done to assess the epidemiology of the disease in the country was done.
Methods and Materials: This Study is a cross-sectional study (Descriptive - Analytic).The population of the present study was patients with brucellosis in provinces of North and North West of the country that their disease has been diagnosed in the first six months of 1393. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and analysis statistics such as t-test was used for data analysis by using Stata software.
Results: The total number of cases were 2585 that West Azerbaijan province was highest number with 889(34.39%) . Most people suffered from the disease were rural and men were more than women, But the average age at the time of disease was significantly lower in men than in women (P = 0.001). The Most group involved in the study was between 25 to 44 years. In terms of consumption of dairy products and contact with animals, the highest operating was local raw milk consumption with 63.9% and contact with live animals (54.3%) respectively.
Discussion and Conclusion: Brucellosis is still one of the health problems in Iran, particularly in north and northwest provinces of the country. Due to the large variety of disease distribution in the country, there is a need for a comprehensive health strategy to be prepared in accordance with the region epidemiological characteristics
Brucellosis, Malta fever, Epidemiology, Iran
http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.html
http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.pdf
AJA university of medical sciences
Paramedical Sciences and Military Health
2423-7507
2538-3086
11
1
2016
6
1
Effects of Different Reconstruction Kernels on Noise and Spatial Resolution of Computed Tomography Images: A Phantom Study
25
29
FA
Daryoush
Khorramian
Tarbiat Modares University
Y
Bijan
Hashemi Malayeri
Tarbiat Modares University
N
Soroush
Sistani
Semnan University of Medical Sciences
N
Introduction: Noise and spatial resolution (SR) are the main characteristics of image quality in CT scanning affected by different radiation and technical parameters. One of the important parameters are reconstruction kernels. Different reconstruction kernels are used for noise reduction and/or edge-enhancement purposes. In this study, we investigate some reconstruction kernels about noise and SR on a commercial CT scanner.
Methods and Materials: To evaluate the noise and SR, a standard quality control phantom was used with the diameter of 16cm. Images were taken and reconstructed with 5 different kernels. Reconstructed kernels were H10, H30, H40, H50 and H70. For SR estimation we used point spread function (PSF) around narrow tungsten wire and full width at half maximum (FWHM) for each image. All measurements were performed on Siemens Emotion 6 CT scanner.
Results: Noise of images in H10, H30, H40, H50 and H70 were 2.61±0.67, 4.33±1.20, 5.94±1.89, 8.58±3.30 and 19.59±4.53 respectively. FWHM in H10, H30, H40, H50 and H70 were 1.80±0.19, 1.44±0.11, 1.32±0.17, 1.24±0.09 and 1.04±0.17 respectively.
Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, the effect of implementing 5 different reconstruction kernels on noise and SR of CT images were investigated. Based on the results, the noise increased and FWHM decreased with the increment of kernels’ number from H10 to H70.
Reconstruction kernel, Noise, Spatial resolution, Computed tomography
http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-70-en.html
http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-70-en.pdf
AJA university of medical sciences
Paramedical Sciences and Military Health
2423-7507
2538-3086
11
1
2016
6
1
Dentists`Attitude and Performance of Najafabad on Observing Health Standards to Prevent Infection Transmission in Dentistry
30
37
FA
Amir
Tabeshian
Islamic Azad University of Najaf Abad
amir.tabeshian@yahoo.com
Y
Introduction: The risk of being affected by infectious diseases in dentistry directly depends upon degree the amount of contact with body liquids, such as blood and saliva and working tools. Different micro-organisms including AIDS virus, Hepatitis B, oral thrush are possible to be transferred in dentistry. Dental interventional (FDI) suggested that all dental patients, in spite of
healthy looking, are considered to be infective. Therefore, the health principles and protective and safety methods must be observed in all the sequences to prevent cross-infection.
Methods and Materials: By observing healthy principles and protection safety method to prevent cross – infection will reduce the risk of infectious diseases. This study was crosssectional descriptive and data related to the attitudes and performance were collected by filling a questionnaire and checklist in the dentist’s clinics, respectively. A total of 70 dentists were
selected.
Results: Mean score of the attitude-related questions and the performance checklist were 5.36 and 8.03, respectively (P≤0.05). No significant relation was found between dentists` attitude and performance (P=0.1, r=0.16). In addition, there was not any significant relation between attitude and years of service (P=0.092, r=0.17), neither between performance and years of service (P=0.12, r=0.15) (P≤0.05). The sample responded positively to all the attitude-related questions with a high percentage and they had a positive performance in all the checklist items.
Discussion and Conclusion: The dentist’s performance was acceptable, and the level of attitude was high regarding observing health and safety standards with respect to preventive methods for infection transmission. The subjects found to be as the same level as the dentists in developing countries. Also dental patient should be informed of the observing health standards in dental environment.
Attitude, Performance, Infection transmission, Infection diseases
http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-49-en.html
http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-49-en.pdf
AJA university of medical sciences
Paramedical Sciences and Military Health
2423-7507
2538-3086
11
1
2016
6
1
The Survey on the Effects of Educational and Occupational Status of Parents in the Academic Achievement of Dentistry Students at University of Medical Sciences of Yazd in Academic Year 2014-2015
38
43
OTHER
Masud
Mohammadi
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Masoud.mohammadi1989@yahoo.com
Y
Masud
Mirzaei
ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences
N
Ali
Tavakoli Hosseini
ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences
N
Seyed Hossein
Tabatabaee
ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences
N
Hossein
Aghili
ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences
N
Hamid
Bidbozorg
ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences
N
Hadis
Barati
Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences
N
Introduction: Students’ educational status is an important issue in academical training. Students’ educational status can be improved by determining the effective causes. The current study aimed to determine the effect of parents’ educational and occupational status of students’ educational success in the school of dentistry in Yazd university of medical sciences.
Materials and Methods: The Discriptive-Analytical study was implemented among 217 students from Shahid Sadoughi Faculty of Dentistry of Yazd in 2014 using the census method. All students with a GPA equal to or over 15 were considered as successful students and those with an average less than 14 as unsuccessful students in academic achievements. Data were collected using a questionnaire and then they were then analyzed using the SPSS 17 software and Chi-Square test.
Results: In the present study, there were significant differences between two groups of students (P<0.05) in terms of personal characteristics such as employment status, mother’s education, and academic achievement while there were no significant differences between two groups in education and occupation of father and mother’s job in their academic success.
Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that it can be expected to have better success in students’ academic achievement in education by enhancing the parents’ career and education.
Academic achievement, Parental, Employment status, Educational status, Dental students
http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-72-en.html
http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-72-en.pdf
AJA university of medical sciences
Paramedical Sciences and Military Health
2423-7507
2538-3086
11
1
2016
6
1
Evaluation of the Radiobiological Effects and Medical Care Solutions after a Nuclear Detonation
44
55
FA
Amin
Banaei
AJA University of Medical Sciences
amin.banaii@modares.ac.ir
Y
Introduction: Individual exposure after a nuclear detonation (atomic bomb) delivers abundant doses with high dose rates to the people who were located near the nuclear detonation location or within the fallout zone. Effects of the radiation to the humans and animal models will be studied and a fundamental ground work of medical services and managing systems for such
accidents would be provided in this article.
Methods and Materials: This research is theoretical and analytical method that was performed by searching care proceedings, nuclear detonation, radiobiological effects, acute radiation syndrome and radiation accidents key words in the Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus web sites in terms of content (Content Analysis). This article was written based on the 10 chosen articles which were found after the research in the internet web sites.
Results: Whole-body doses >2 Gy which was found in the fallout zones or in the areas near the detonation location, can produce clinically significant acute radiation syndrome (ARS)(definite radiation effects), which classically involves the hematologic, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and cardiovascular/central nervous systems. The severity and presentation of ARS are affected by several factors, including radiation dose and dose rate, inter-individual variability in radiation response, type of radiation (e.g., gamma alone, gamma plus neutrons), partial-body shielding, and possibly age, sex, and certain preexisting medical conditions. The combination of radiation with trauma, burns, or both (i.e., combined injury) confers a worse prognosis than the same dose of radiation alone. Supportive care measures, including fluid support, antibiotics, and possibly myeloid cytokines (e.g., granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), can improve the prognosis for some irradiated casualties. Available resources for the supportive and therapeutic cares were far less than demands of the extents of injuries and access to these resources for the patients and injured people will be very limited during the nuclear detonations and its consequences.
Discussion and Conclusion: Because of the leakage and hard limitations in the resources availability for supportive and medical cares, it will be impossible to apply these cares and services for all of the patients and injured people after the nuclear detonation. It is necessary to determining the patients who must receive these cares. It is more appropriate to evaluate the absorbed dose of the all injured people by applying the biological dosimetry methods. Regarding to the patient symptoms and absorbed dose, type of the ARS syndrome will be determined. After the patients division, selected patients will be undergoing medical and supportive cares. For optimal use of available resources it is necessary to provide a general plan for doing these cares and services, guidance for training people who want to do medical and supportive cares for the radiation injured patients and building a database of the radiation accidents injured patient’s data. Long term radiobiological effects such as the cancer, teratogenesis, and heritable genetic effects were not evaluated and just initial effects of radiation were discussed in this study.
Care proceedings, Nuclear detonation, Radiobiological effects, Acute radiation syndrome, Radiation accidents
http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-73-en.html
http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-73-en.pdf
AJA university of medical sciences
Paramedical Sciences and Military Health
2423-7507
2538-3086
11
1
2016
6
1
Nutrition and Military Rations in Operational Areas with an Emphasis on Food Content
56
63
FA
Mohsen
Pahlevan Nejad
Faculty of Religious Political Shahid Mahalati Sepah
ehsanmoradi779@yahoo.com
Y
Ehsan
Moradi
Walfare and Rehabilitation University
N
Fateme
Moradi
Zanjan Medical University
N
Introduction: All human beings need the proper nutrition in order to maintain and improve their health as well as achieve optimal physical and mental health. Proper nutrition not only sponsor calories and nutrients that is needed by the body, but also increase or decrease an inappropriate weight. Moreover, it prevents a range of physical and mental disorders related to nutrition and promotes the ability of person. Providing a detailed food rations for the military, on one hand, would require a comprehensive review of the age, sex, anthropometric conditions, type of military activities, available facilities and on the other hand, the cooperation with all relevant sectors.
Methods and Materials: This research is theoretical and analytical method that was performed in terms of content (Content Analysis) and it should be noted that the accuracy of the material has been proved in several papers; in other words, they are not just a theory.
Results: From a military standpoint, diet (Ration) is the amount of necessary food for a military person in one day. Operational rations is a general term used for diets in operational areas and war. For the operational rations, the selection of a specific diet or a meal for individuals or groups depends on the logistical and the tactical conditions, environmental conditions, food consumption, Type of mission, enemy status, area of operation, and the time conditions.
Discussion and Conclusion: To participate in different parts of biological warfare, one military should be healthy enough to have enough ability for management and combat. Physical ability of a military requires suppliers and factors to prevent his immune system from weakness. Factors such as harsh climatic conditions, poor health and nutrition, other environmental stress are those that may reduce the physical capability of a fighter.
Military rations, Operational area, Military, Meal
http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-74-en.html
http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-74-en.pdf