@article{ author = {Barati, Hadis and Barati, Mohammad and Lotfi, Mohammad Has}, title = {Epidemiological Study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Khatam, Yazd Province, 2004-2013}, abstract ={Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the world’s neglected diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological pattern of disease in Khatam, Yazd Provincea ten-year period. Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive study. Data were collected from patients with a diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in health centers were under treatment and follow-up in the Khatam district during 2004-2013. And by SPSS software version 18 were used for descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis. Results: Among a total of 1775 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, most of the cases were in the age group of 10-30 years.And most of these cases were men (61%). In recent years the incidence of disease was reduced and disease peak was observed in autumn. Discussion and Conclusion: Cutaneous leishmaniasis disease is considered as a major health problem in the Khatam town. So it seems to be necessary to plan for controlling disease and measuring appropriate in order to reduce the incidence of the disease. Measures such as education, health, the fight against the reservoir, and environment can be considered disease control programs.}, Keywords = {Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Epidemiology, Khatam city}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-5}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-51-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-51-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ghorbandoost, Mostafa and Saba, Valiallah}, title = {Designing a New Non-parallel Training Method to Voice Conversion with Better Performance than Parallel Training}, abstract ={Introduction: The art of voice mimicking by computers, has with the computer have been one of the most challenging topics of speech processing in recent years. The system of voice conversion has two sides. In one side, the speaker is the source that his or her voice has been changed for mimicking the target speaker’s voice (which is on the other side). Two methods of parallel and non-parallel training are used for voice conversion. In parallel method, both source and target speakers express the same sentences while different sentences are expressed in non-parallel method. Most of the voice conversion researchers prefer to use parallel training; however, there is not always the possibility of collecting parallel data. Therefore, there is a need for using non-parallel methods. Methods and Materials: Source and target speakers’ voice was recorded and then analyzed. Voice features of both speakers were extracted by signal processing. Then the action of alignment has been done and the function of voice conversion was obtained. Source voice has been analyzed and the action of extracting feature has been carried out in order to convert source voice to the target. Voice conversion function from the previous section was applied on the extracted features. Then, the reverse action of features was done and finally, the voice synthesis took place. Moreover, the synthesized voice is the voice of target person. Results: The results of both numerical and objective experiments demonstrated that our proposed method is better than parallel training methods. It was observed that this superiority holds for different sizes of training material from 5 to 40 training sentences, both in terms of quality and similarity to the target speaker. Discussion and Conclusion: It seems that our proposed method is a serious competitor of parallel training method for from alignment.}, Keywords = {Voice conversion, Speech analysissynthesis, Non-parallel training system, INCA algorithm, Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Universal Background Model (UBM), Realtime voice conversion}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {6-16}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-52-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-52-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Banaei, Ami}, title = {Introducing a Novel Weighted Gamma Evaluation Method for Comparing the Dose Distributions in Radiotherapy}, abstract ={Introduction: One of the problems that exists in the quality control procedure of the treatment planning systems and the computer simulation of the radiotherapy or diagnostic radiology validation is comparing the dose distribution resulted from the dose calculation algorithms with the experimental results(as a reference). For this purpose, several methods have been proposed to compare these dose distributions and determine the amount of the similarity or differences quantitatively. The dose difference (DD), distance to agreement (DTA) or the combination of these two parameters named gamma evaluation and these methods are the common methods for this purpose. Ignoring the factors related to the irradiation and disallowing the differences between the different regions in the dose distribution are the most important problems of these methods. The aim of this study is to providing a novel method which is able to consider mentioned factors and differences during the comparison procedure.    Materials and Methods: According to previous studies, 4 different regions and 3 different irradiation conditions was defined for the dose distribution and irradiation mode respectively. Special restrictions in the DD and DTA were considered for each couple of the region-irradiation condition. In each region of dose distribution gamma evaluation equations was defined according to these restrictions and dose comparison was performed as region to region in all regions of the dose distribution. Results: Weighted gamma evaluation algorithm was obtained and proposed table related to the DD and DTA restrictions was written.   Discussion and conclusion: Due to the related and relevant equations for any region of the dose distribution in the weighted gamma evaluation method, it is expected that this method will show a clinically better results compared to the common methods.}, Keywords = {Gamma evaluation, Dose difference, Distance to agreement, Dose distributions comparison, Radiotherapy}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {17-25}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Meshkani, Reza and Gorgani-Firuzjaee, Sattar}, title = {Role of SHIP2 in Oleate Induced De-Novo Lipogenesis}, abstract ={Introduction: Dyslipidemia is one of the key risk factors for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The dyslipidemia is characterized by increased plasma concentration of triglycerides (TG), reduced concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and an increased concentration of small dense low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Evidence from both animal and human studies suggests that insulin resistance (in adipose and liver tissues) is an important underlying cause of hypertriglyceridemia in subjects with metabolic syndrome and T2D. Hepatic de-novo lipogenesis and production of triglyceride rich VLDL are regulated via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade. However, the role of a negative regulator of this pathway, the SH2 domain containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP2) remains unknown. Methods and Materials: In the present study, we studied the molecular mechanisms linking SHIP2 expression to metabolic dyslipidemia using overexpression or suppression of SHIP2 gene in HepG2 cells exposed to oleate (0.5 mM). Results: The results showed that, comparing to the control group, the overexpression of the wild type SHIP2 gene (SHIP2 WT) led to a higher total lipid content (28%), whereas overexpression of the dominant negative SHIP2 gene (SHIP2-DN) reduced total lipid content in oleate treated cells by 40%. Overexpression of SHIP2-WT also lead to a significant increase in increased intra and extracellular triglyceride levels and enhanced the expression of lipogenic genes such as SREBP1c, FAS and ACC. On the other hand, overexpression of the SHIP2-DN gene prevented oleate-induced de-novo lipogenesis in HepG2 cells. Discussion and Conclusion: All in all, these findings suggest that SHIP2 expression level is an important determinant of hepatic lipogenesis and its inhibition can potentially be a target in treatment of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients.}, Keywords = {De-novo lipogenesis, Oleate, SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP2) and Insulin resistance}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {26-34}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-54-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The Comparison Between Learning Styles and Self-efficacy of Students of Medical Sciences, Art, Engineering, and Human Science}, abstract ={Introduction: The current research has been done in order to compare learning styles and self-efficacy of learners of different majors; moreover, the comparison of these variables has been calculated between male and female students. Methods and Materials: The causal comparative pattern has been used in this study. The participants of this study were medical students, MA students in engineering, art, and human science in Islamic Azad University Tehran Branch in 2008 and 2009. The sampling technique was stratified random sampling and the population included 100 male and female university students (25 students in each major). Witkin (1971) Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT) was used to measure learning styles; in addition, Bandro self-efficacy questionnaire (1995) was used to measure self-efficacy of the learners. Results: After data analysis, the result demonstrated that the students of engineering use more field independence learning style, but there were no significant differences among the learning styles of the students of other majors. Medical students had the highest level of selfefficacy. There were no significant differences between male and female’s learning styles and self-efficacy. Discussion and Conclusion: Learners, who have independent learning style, tend to study those majors that require such capabilities include engineering courses, math, and physics. Due to the persuasive factors, medical students have high self efficacy scores as well as positive attitude. Since the experience of success and mastery are the most significant factors of constructing high self-efficacy, those learners self-efficacy’s scores are more than the others. In addition, medical students increase their efficacy expectation through model making by observing those who have been in this field of study and have been successful in their academic study as well as their occupation.}, Keywords = {Learning styles, Self efficiency, Major}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {35-41}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-55-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Bakhtiyari, Morteza and Khodadad, Amir and Barati, Mohamm}, title = {An Overview of Biodefense Against Biological Agents}, abstract ={Introduction: Due to the fact that there is the possibility of using biological agents in biological warfare, the current article deals with the awareness and readiness of our armed forces to prevent the development of these factors and total elimination of pathogens. Methods and Materials: This article is a review article obtained by searching on different sites such as SID, Google scholar, and Magiran. Moreover, the present paper summarizes the results of the searches and the number of articles on the above sites.  Discussion and Conclusion: Preparation and awareness against biological attacks appear to be essential for our armed forces. Therefore, creating rapid reaction forces and specialized committees dealing with biological attacks is more crucial than ever in the armed forces.}, Keywords = {Biodefense, Biological agents, Decontamination}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {42-46}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-56-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-56-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Khadennia, Alireza and Bayat, Majid and Vandaee, Omid Ali and Azami, Mehdi}, title = {An Overview of Breast Neoplasms in Women}, abstract ={Introduction: Breast cancer is an uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells in different areas of the chest. Research about the causes of breast cancer is crucial. Finding cancers risk factor can lead to identification of women at risk, prevention strategies, and screening for early detection of disease. In this paper, we tried to survey the risk factors that lead to the creation of this common cancer; moreover, the specific solutions to each of the factors have been taken into account and followed. Methods and Materials: This review article has been analyzed based on the usage of research papers, Google scholar motor engine information as well as ncii cancer data bases and books related in this field. Results: Researchers have submitted further evidences about the relationship between some of the chemical used in home environment and breast cancer. Although there are not conclusive evidences to prove the role of certain chemicals for increasing the risk of breast cancer, there are many reasons for increasing concerns in this area that will be discussed in details. Discussion and Conclusion: Breast imaging, as a way to reduce the risk of this problem has been suggested to those women who are at risk of this disease. Despite, the complications that are derived from them have been criticized. About this disease, the early prevention or detection is more effective than the treatment. Specifically, those women who have a family history of this disease and those whose lifestyle’s are in a way that makes them more at risk of breast cancer, the examinations and tests should be done on a regular basis in order to cure this diseases at the early stages.}, Keywords = {Breast cancer, Screening, Preventive breast imaging}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {47-55}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-57-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {NorooziAghide, Ali and Lashgari, Najme}, title = {Epigenetic-Based Cancer Therapy}, abstract ={Introduction: Epigenetics involves the study of heritable changes in the regulation of gene activity and expression that are not dependent on gene sequence. Main mechanisms of epigenetic modifications are DNA methylation, Histone modification and Nucleosome positioning. Several studies have shown that these modifications are related to cancer initiation, progression or tumor metastasis. In contrast to genetic mutations, most epigenetic modifications may be reversible and preventable. Therefore, the resetting of aberrant epigenetic states in neoplastic cells is an expanding therapeutic approach to treat or prevent cancer. Methods and Materials: The current study is a kind of review study in which the crucial data have been collected; in addition, key words have been used systematically to search for related articles in reputable site. Results: It is now clear that the disorders of epigenetic mechanisms can affect and compound with oncogenic mutation and cause to promote tumor growth. So, the management of aberrant epigenetic states as a way to target the formation and progression of cancer is a logical and effective therapeutic approach. An understanding of the link between epigenetic deregulation and cancer is applicable to prognosis as well as treatment. Discussion and Conclusion: It seems that many aspects of epigenetics are still unknown; moreover, various studies are ongoing to explore other epigenetic mechanisms, their relationship with each other as well as the development , and progression of various diseases especially cancer.}, Keywords = {Epigenetics, Cancer, Epigenetic therapy}, volume = {10}, Number = {2}, pages = {56-68}, publisher = {AJA university of medical sciences}, url = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-58-en.html}, eprint = {http://jps.ajaums.ac.ir/article-1-58-en.pdf}, journal = {Paramedical Sciences and Military Health}, issn = {2423-7507}, eissn = {2538-3086}, year = {2015} }